论我国集团仲裁制度的构建

The Institutional Innovation of China’s Class Arbitration

现行仲裁法在解决民商事群体性纠纷时面临困境,有必要嵌入集团仲裁规则予以解决。集团仲裁的启动,需解决仲裁条款解释问题。当仲裁条款对集团仲裁表示“沉默”时,可授权仲裁庭作出解释,原则上应视默示为同意;集团仲裁的路径,以集团拟制为突破口。为避免加入制和退出制存在的弊端,可采用混合制,适当赋予集团仲裁申请人“集团自拟权”;集团仲裁的实施,需解决集团代表人产生问题。为及时启动集团仲裁并确保代表人的充分代表性,可采取仲裁庭委任和集团成员选任并用的方式产生代表人;集团仲裁的效率,受制于司法审查的限度。为确保集团仲裁的连贯和高效,人民法院应遵循司法审查最低限度原则,在集团仲裁启动前和裁决后方可应当事人申请进行审查。

The dilemma faced by the current arbitration law in resolving large-scale civil and commercial disputes needs to be addressed by embedding class arbitration rules.The issue of interpreting arbitration clauses needs to be addressed in order to start class arbitrations.When the arbitration clause is“silent”on class arbitration,the arbitral tribunal can be authorized to make an interpretation,which in principle is regarded as implied consent;the path of class arbitration is to take the class member certification as a breakthrough.In order to avoid the disadvantages of the opt-in and opt-out models,a“mixed model”,which empowers the class arbitration claimants to self-certificate class members,can be adopted;the implementation of class arbitration needs to solve the problem of the generation mechanism of class representatives.In order to ensure that class arbitration is started in time and class representatives have adequate representation,the appointment of class representatives by the arbitral tribunal and the selection of class representatives by the class members could be adopted;the efficiency of class arbitration is subject to the limits of judicial review.To ensure the consistency and efficiency of class arbitration,the people’s courts should follow the principle of minimum judicial review before the start of class arbitration and after the award is rendered,upon application of the parties.