新马华语餐食类名词作谓语的历时考察

A Diachronic Investigation of Meal Nouns as Predicates in Singapore-Malaysian Huayu

以全球华语通用的三套餐食类名词——早饭/午饭/晚饭、早餐/午餐/晚餐、早膳/午膳/晚膳为研究对象,考察它们在新加坡、马来西亚华语中的发展演变情况。研究发现,新马华语一百年间餐食类名词作谓语的演变过程,呈现出一条马鞍型曲线,即使用数量由少到多,再由多到少;使用频率由低到高,再由高到低。新加坡、马来西亚华语中餐食类名词作谓语的演变路径,受到多方面因素的制约,既有华语作为一种祖语而具有保守性的影响,又有英语、汉语普通话与台湾地区“国语”的影响。

Taking the three sets of meal nouns commonly used in global Huayu——“zaofan(早饭)/wufan(午饭)/wanfan(晚饭),zaocan(早餐)/wucan(午餐)/wancan(晚餐),zaoshan(早膳)/wushan(午膳)/wanshan(晚膳)”as the research object,this paper investigates its development and evolution in Singapore and Malaysia Huayu.The study found that the evolution of meal nouns as predicates in Singapore-Malaysian Huayu in the past 100 years showed a saddle shaped curve,that is,the number used was from less to more,and then from more to less;The frequency of use is from low to high,and then from high to low.The evolution path of meal nouns as predicates in Singapore-Malaysian Huayu is restricted by many factors,including the conservative influence of Huayu as a heritage language,the influence of English,Putonghua and Taiwan’s“Mandarin”.