马王堆帛书《易传·缪和》考释四则

A Study of Yizhuan·Muhe(《易传·缪和》)from Mawangdui Silk Books

马王堆帛书《易传·缪和》第一章中的“夫《易》,眀君之守也”,“守”应释为“道”,这是《缪和》首章对《周易》性质的界定。第一章中的“恐言而贸易,失人之道”,应当释读为“恐言而贸,易失人之道”;从帛书图版的字形特点来看,“失”被误写为“夫”;“人之道”则是指“做到诚”的意思。第三章中的“书、春秋、诗、语”一句,对于“语”的解释存在分歧,通过考察先秦两汉文献中儒家经典并列出现的情况,确定“语”并非书名,而是指语言内容。第四章中的“粉白黑涅”,“黑”应释为“黱”,“涅”义同“黑”;“粉”是傅面之义,“黱”是画眉之义。“粉白黱黑”的意思是以粉敷面助其白,以黱画眉增其黑。

“Shou(守)”in the first chapter of Muhe(《缪和》)should be read as“dao(道)”,which is an exposition that defines Zhouyi(《周易》)as including the dao(道)of monarch at the beginning of Muhe(《缪和》).In the first chapter,“Kong yan er mao yi,shi ren zhi dao(恐言而贸易,失人之道)”should be read as“Kong yan er mao,yi shi ren zhi dao(恐言而贸,易失人之道)”;“shi(失)”is more like mistakenly written as“fu(夫)”from the shape of silk script,and“ren zhi dao(人之道)”refers to“being sincere”.The sentence“Shu,ChunQiu,Shi,Yu(书、春秋、诗、语)”in the third chapter has different interpretations of“Yu(语)”.By investigating the juxtaposition of Confucian classics in the Pre-Qin period,it is determined that“Yu(语)”is not the title of the book,but refers to the speech content.In the fourth chapter,“Fenbaiheinie(粉白黑涅)”,“hei(黑)”should be read as“dai(黱)”,“nie(涅)”is the same as“black”,“fen(粉)”is the meaning of whitewashing,“dai(黱)”is the meaning of thrush,“Fenbaidaihei(粉白黱黑)”means that the surface is painted with white and the thrush is painted with black.