436例育龄妇女遗传咨询与出生缺陷相关知信行调研

Survey on knowledge,attitude and practice related to genetic counseling and birth defects in 436 women of childbearing age

目的了解上海市部分区域育龄妇女对遗传咨询与出生缺陷相关知信行情况。方法采用统一问卷进行现况调查,随机抽取6个区436名育龄期女性作为调查对象。结果436名育龄期女性中,认为遗传咨询(很)有必要的占93.68%,并会推荐身边朋友做遗传咨询的占84.94%;81.17%知晓服用叶酸能预防神经管畸形,76.71%知晓从孕前3个月开始服用叶酸;84.63%知晓孕早期使用药物更容易导致胎儿畸形。获取遗传咨询知识途径主要是医护人员告知(49.88%)和微信等网络新媒体(42.82%),希望获取途径为医护人员面对面咨询和网络、微信公众号的分别为60.77%和57.37%。实际接受过孕前检查和孕前遗传咨询的分别为47.18%和24.00%。进一步分析发现年龄、家庭月收入、有稳定工作和生育次数影响相关知识的掌握(P<0.01)。结论孕前保健尤其孕前遗传咨询覆盖面需提高。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice of women of reproductive age on genetic counseling and birth defects in partial regions of Shanghai.Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted by unified questionnaire on 436 women of childbearing age randomly in 6 districts.Results Among 436 respondents,93.68%considered genetic counseling was necessary or very necessary,and 84.94%expressed they would recommend their friends for genetic counseling.81.17%knew that taking folic acid could prevent neural tube malformation,and 76.71%knew that the correct time of taking folic acid was beginning from 3 months before pregnancy.84.63%knew that use of drugs in early pregnancy was more likely to lead to fetal malformation.The main routes to obtain genetic counseling and birth defects knowledge for respondents were through medical staff notification(49.88%)and WeChat and other online new media(42.82%),what’s more,60.77%and 57.37%wanted to obtain face-to-face consultation,network and WeChat Official Account respectively.However,those who had actually received pre pregnancy examination and pre pregnancy genetic counseling accounted for 47.18%and 24.00%.Further analysis found that age,family monthly income,stable work and the number of births affected the mastery of relevant knowledge(P<0.01).Conclusion It is very necessary to improve the coverage of pre pregnancy health care,especially pre pregnancy genetic counseling.