针对新疆梨品种选育应用的果实品质评价

Fruit Quality Evaluation on Breeding and Application of Xinjiang Pear Varieties

本研究对8个新疆梨品种的11项果实品质指标进行测定分析、评价比较,以期为后期育种材料选择提供参考。结果表明,霍城冬黄梨单果质量(216.52 g)和果形指数(1.26)均最大,奎克阿木特梨硬度(15.47 kg/cm2)和石细胞含量(1.16%)均最高,株选一号可溶性固形物(14.87%)、可溶性糖(10.54%)、糖酸比(349.43)和水分含量(86.98%)均最高,库尔勒香梨蛋白质(0.14 mg/100 g)和维生素C含量(4.73 mg/100 g)均最高,库尔勒黄酸梨可滴定酸(0.08%)含量最高。相关分析表明,各指标间存在显著或极显著相关性。因子分析和聚类分析分别确定了3个公因子(累计方差贡献率达到91.58%)和3项代表果实综合品质的核心指标,用来综合评价新疆梨果实品质的优劣。品种综合品质得分由高到低依次为株选一号、库尔勒香梨、霍城句句梨、轮台句句梨、库车阿木特梨、霍城冬黄梨、奎克阿木特梨、库尔勒黄酸梨。库尔勒香梨、株选一号、库尔勒黄酸梨和霍城冬黄梨在单个指标中含量最高,在亲本选配中可优先考虑。

In this study,11 fruit quality indexes of 8 Xinjiang pear varieties were measured,analyzed,evaluated and compared,in order to provide reference for the selection of later breeding material.The results showed that the single fruit weight(216.52 g)and fruit shape index(1.26)of Huocheng Donghuang Pear were the highest.The hardness(15.47 kg/cm^(2))and stone cell content(1.16%)of Kuke Amute Pear were the highest.The soluble solid content(14.87%),soluble sugar content(10.54%),sugar-acid ratio(349.43)and water content(86.98%)of Zhuxuan No.1 were highest.The contents of protein(0.14 mg/100 g)and vitamin C(4.73 mg/100 g)of Korla Fragrant Pear were the highest.Korla Huangsuan Pear has the highest titratable acid content(0.08%).Correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations among the indexes.Three common factors(the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 91.58%)and three core indexes representing comprehensive quality of fruit were determined by factor analysis and cluster analysis respectively,which were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Xinjiang pear fruit.The comprehensive quality score of varieties from high to low was Zhuxuan No.1,Korla Fragrant Pear,Huocheng Juru Pear,Luntai Juru Pear,Kuqa Amute Pear,Huocheng Donghuang Pear,Kuke Amute Pear and Korla Huangsuan Pear.Korla Fragrant Pear,Zhuxuan No.1,Korla Huangsuan Pear and Huocheng Donghuang Pear had the highest content in a single index,which could be given priority in parent selection.