海洋经历与成长——威廉·戈尔丁涉海小说成长主题探析

Ocean Experience and Growth——On the theme of bildungsroman in William Golding's sea-related fiction

成长是威廉·戈尔丁涉海小说《蝇王》和《航海三部曲》的重要主题。在这两部小说中,海洋不仅是主人公成长的背景,也充当了人物自我发现与社会认知的动力之源,与潜藏于人物内心的欲望有着隐秘的关联。这两部小说的主人公拉尔夫和塔尔博特受困于海洋环境,完成了身体的磨练、心智的成长和道德的提升。人物的海洋经历分别展现了男性气质的文化建构、务实精神的传承以及作者对社会的批判与对未来的期许。戈尔丁涉海小说成长主题以对海洋经历与成长深层关系的阐释回应了时代关切,以二元对立的方式书写了独特的英国性,同时也是作者保守乐观主义的社会理想在社会个体层面的揭示,具有深刻的社会认知意义、一定的教育启示意义与独特的审美意义。

Bildungsroman is an important theme in William Golding's sea-related fictions,Lord of the Flies and To the Ends of the Earth,A Sea Trilogy.In these novels,the sea is not only the background for the growth of the protagonists,but also the source of power for the characters'self-discovery and social cognition,which are deeply related to the desire hidden in their hearts.Ralph and Talbot,the protagonists of the novels stranded at sea,have experienced bodily torture,mental growth and moral enhancement.The characters'ocean experiences respectively reveal the cultural construction of their masculinity,the inheritance of pragmatic spirit and the author's criticism of society and expectation for the future.The theme of Golding's sea-related fiction responds to the concerns of the times and society with the explanation of the deep relationship between ocean experience and growth and makes out the unique Englishness in the way of binary opposition.Meanwhile,the theme is also an interpretation of the author's social ideal with conservative optimism at the personal level,and is of profound social cognitive significance,certain educational meaning and unique aesthetic implication.