基于乡村多功能理论的少数民族传统聚落景观风貌演化特征及影响机制研究——以湖南怀化皇都村为例

Evolution Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Ethnic Traditional Settlement Landscape Based on Rural Multifunctional Theory:A Case Study of Huangdu Village in Huaihua City, Hunan

在快速推进城镇化的背景下,以湖南省怀化市皇都村为例,基于乡村多功能理论,探究乡村聚落景观风貌演化过程和驱动机制。采用参与式农村评估方法,以Google Earth高清影像数据为基础,通过影像纠正拼接,结合实地调研数据,探究景观风貌的演变特征。研究显示:①乡村多功能变化与聚落景观风貌变化是相互联系的,具有紧密的相关性;②皇都村景观风貌演化阶段可分为缓慢且稳定的乡村传统功能型、无组织有方向的乡村生产功能型、矛盾到趋于协同的乡村现代功能型;③聚落的生活居住功能、生产保障功能、生态保育功能、商业服务功能、文化传承功能等多功能发展特征明显,多功能协调发展对景观风貌保护和演化具有积极意义;④皇都村景观风貌演变是一个动态的持续的过程,是内生驱动力、外源驱动力以及自然驱动力共同作用的外在表现,皇都村从单一的农业生产功能逐步向多功能路径转变,实现了景观风貌的多样性。

In the context of rapid urbanization, this thesis takes Huangdu Village in Huaihua, Hunan as a case. Exploring the evolution process and driving mechanism of the landscape style of rural settlements and revealing the law of the multifunctional development of traditional villages are the aim based on the rural multifunctional theory. Combined with field survey data obtained through interviews and questionnaires, the research probes the evolution process of landscape styles by means of image correction and stitching by Participatory Rural Appraisal methods based on Google Earth high-definition image data. The results are as follows: 1) The theory of rural multifunctionality and the change of settlement landscape are interrelated and closely related. 2) Huangdu Village’s landscape evolution stage is divided into three stages, which consists of rural traditional functional stage, rural production functional stage and rural modernity stage. The first stage is slow and stable from 1980 to 1994. The main functions are agricultural production, living and residing and ecological conservation during this period. The second stage is the unorganized and directional from 1995 to 2009. The leading function was used for production security and commercial service during this period. The third stage is the contradiction to coordination. The main functions are cultural inheritance, commercial service and ecological conservation. 3) The settlements present obvious and multi-functional development features such as residential function, production guarantee function, ecological conservation function, commercial service function and cultural inheritance function. The residential function of space has undergone the evolution process from the closure of the four villages to the gathering、intercommunication and expansion to the outer edge. Traditional agricultural production transforms to tourism service industry in the functional space of production guarantee. Ecological conservation function space is stable. It is an important guarantee for promoting the organic renewal of the village in the optimization and expansion of commercial service function space. The cultural inheritance function demonstrates that Huangdu Village is a complete organism. The dominant and recessive landscape genes are the source of Huangdu Village’s vitality. 4) Huangdu village has gradually changed from a single agricultural production function to a multi-functional path, thus realizing the diversity of landscape. It is an external manifestation of the combination of endogenous driving forces, external driving forces and natural driving forces. It has gradually moved from a single agricultural production function to a multi-functional path. The transformation has realized the diversity of landscape style.It also made the settlement landscape of Huangdu Village evolve. Endogenous driving force refers to the elements of villager behavior, villager demand, population economic factors, traffic conditions, etc. External driving force refers to industrial structure factors, management model factors, market demand factors, policy driving factors, etc. The natural driving force is Refers to elements of natural endowment, elements of Feng Shui belief, etc. These days the tourism industry plays an important part in Huangdu Village development. It is essential to realize the sustainable development of settlements by enhancing the sense of identity of the concept of “double repair” to villagers. This thesis takes Huangdu Village, a traditional ethnic minority village as the empirical research object. The aim is to promote the sustainable development of traditional villages and protects the characteristic landscape of traditional villages by effectively revealing its evolution process, evolution characteristics and influence mechanism.