电动自行车道路交通伤害危险因素的病例对照研究

Risk factors of electric bicycle road-traffic injuries:a case-control study

目的研究电动自行车道路交通伤害的危险因素,为预防和控制道路交通伤害提供依据。方法采用1︰2配对的病例对照研究方法,选择2020年6月—2021年5月上海市松江区道路交通伤害的电动自行车骑行者纳入病例组;选择与病例组年龄、性别、职业匹配,在同区域同时段内骑行电动自行车未发生道路交通伤害者纳入对照组。采用问卷调查收集基本情况、生活习惯、健康状况、安全骑行意识与骑行行为资料;采用多因素条件logistic回归模型分析电动自行车道路交通伤害的危险因素。结果病例组167例,年龄M(Q_(R))为38(21)岁;男性122例,占73.05%。对照组334人,年龄M(Q_(R))为32(18)岁;男性244人,占73.05%。多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示,睡眠时间<8 h(OR=1.760,95%CI:1.111~2.786)、有时/经常焦虑(OR=5.140,95%CI:1.067~24.750)、不知晓骑行限速25 km/h(OR=2.352,95%CI:1.460~3.788)、曾违反交通规则被警告或处罚(OR=2.246,95%CI:1.243~4.060)、闯红灯(OR=1.725,95%CI:1.043~2.852)、骑速≥30 km/h(有时,OR=2.409,95%CI:1.475~3.933;经常,OR=4.711,95%CI:2.153~10.309)是电动自行车道路交通伤害的危险因素。结论电动自行车道路交通伤害与睡眠时间、焦虑、交通规则知晓情况和不安全骑行行为有关,应加强对电动自行车骑行者的交通安全教育和执法力度。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of road traffic injuries caused by electric bicycles,so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of road traffic injuries.Methods A case-control study was performed(cases to controls ratio of 1∶2).The riders of electric bicycles with road-traffic injuries in Songjiang District,Shanghai Municipality during the period between June 2020 and May 2021 were included in the case group,and age-,gender-and occupation-matched riders of electric bicycles without road-traffic injuries in the same study area during the same study period served as controls.Participants’demographic data,living habits,health status,awareness of safe riding and riding behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys,and the risk factors of road-traffic injuries caused by electric bicycles were identified using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.Results There were 167 participants in the case group,including 122 men(73.05%)and with an age of 38(21)years,and 334 participants in the control group,including 244 men(73.05%)and with an age of 32(18)years.Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis identified sleep duration of less than 8 h(OR=1.760,95%CI:1.111-2.786),occasional/frequent anxiety(OR=5.140,95%CI:1.067-24.750),unawareness of riding speed limit of 25 km/h(OR=2.352,95%CI:1.460-3.788),having been warned or punished for violating traffic rules(OR=2.246,95%CI:1.243-4.060),running a red light(OR=1.725,95%CI:1.043-2.852),riding speed of≥30 km/h(sometimes,OR=2.409,95%CI:1.475-3.933;often,OR=4.711,95%CI:2.153-10.309)as risk factors of electric bicycle road-traffic injuries.Conclusions Electric bicycle road-traffic injuries is associated with sleep duration,anxiety,awareness of traffic rules,and unsafe riding behaviors.Traffic safety education and law enforcement is required to be reinforced among riders of electric bicycles.