中国茶树遗传育种发展、创新之回顾与展望

Retrospect and prospect of development and innovation of tea plant genetics and breeding in China

我国作为茶树原产地和世界产茶大国,有着悠久的茶树育种历史和深厚的研究基础,育成了世界上数量最多的茶树品种,无性系茶树品种和无性繁殖技术最早出现于我国。改革开放后,我国茶树遗传育种研究工作加速,进入21世纪后在育成品种数量及多样性、育种技术、育种基础理论等多个领域取得了较好成果,特别是在茶树全基因组测序与组装、功能基因组学等领域引领世界,并有力支撑了我国茶产业的高质量发展。本文回顾了我国茶树遗传育种研究的历史及成就,梳理了在茶树主要性状遗传规律、育种技术、突破性品种创新等方面存在的问题。针对这些问题,提出了在茶树遗传育种基础理论创新、育种技术创新和品种创新方面的研究重点,以期为茶树遗传育种研究提供参考。

China has a long history of tea plant breeding and a solid research foundation as the origin of tea plants and a major tea producing country in the world.Clonal tea cultivars and vegetative propagation techniques first appeared in China,and China has bred the largest number of tea cultivars in the world.The researches on the genetics and breeding of tea plants in China have accelerated after the reform and opening up.After entering the 21st century,it has achieved good results in many fields including the number and diversity of cultivars bred,breeding technology,and basic theory of breeding,especially in the fields of tea whole genome sequencing and assembly,functional genomics and other fields,leading the world and strongly supporting the high-quality development of tea industry in China.This article reviews the history and achievements of researches on the genetics and breeding of tea plants in China,and sorts out the problems existing in the genetic rules of the main characters of tea plants,breeding techniques,and innovation of breakthrough varieties.In view of these problems,some priorities of researches on the innovation of basic theories of genetics and breeding,breeding technology and cultivar in the future are put forward.It will provide valuable reference for further studies on the genetics and breeding of tea plants.