不同砧木靠接组合对伦晚脐橙树体营养、生长发育及果实品质的影响

Effects of approach-grafting rootstock combinations on nutrition,growth and development,and fruit quality of Lane Late navel orange

为筛选适合伦晚脐橙的最佳砧木组合,以湖北清江流域的枳砧、红橘砧、香橙砧、枳+红橘砧和枳+香橙砧5种砧木靠接组合的10年生伦晚脐橙结果树为试验材料,分析和比较了不同砧木靠接组合对伦晚脐橙树体营养、生长发育以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:枳+香橙砧和香橙砧对铁、铜和锌的吸收效率高于其他的砧木组合,红橘砧和枳+红橘砧对钙和镁的吸收效率较高,枳砧对硼吸收效率最高;营养生长和树势方面,株高、冠幅和枝梢长度表现为红橘砧>枳+红橘砧>枳+香橙砧>香橙砧>枳砧;果实品质方面,果实大小、果皮厚度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、固酸比值表现为枳+红橘砧>枳砧>枳+香橙砧>红橘砧>香橙砧;另外,枳+红橘砧和枳+香橙砧伦晚脐橙果实枯水率和枯水指数显著低于其他砧木组合。综合来看,枳+红橘砧和枳+香橙砧伦晚脐橙的营养吸收效率较高,树势较强,果实综合品质最优,适宜在清江流域推广。

The Lane Late navel orange with five approach-grafting rootstock combinations including Poncirus trifoliate,red tangerine,Citrus junos,Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine,and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos in Qingjiang River Basin of Hubei Province was used to study the effects of different rootstock combinations on the nutrition,growth,and fruit quality of Lane Late navel orange.Results showed that the uptake efficiency of iron,copper,and zinc of Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos and Citrus junos were higher than that of other rootstock combinations.The same patterns were also observed in the uptake efficiency of calcium and magnesium of red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine and the uptake efficiency of boron of Poncirus trifoliate.Comparing plant height,crown width and branch length,the growth and tree vigor of different rootstock combinations was in the decreasing order of red tangerine>Poncirus trifoli⁃ate+red tangerine>Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos>Citrus junos>Poncirus trifoliate.Through the comprehensive comparison of fruit size,peel thickness,soluble solid matter,titratable acid,soluble solids and acid ratio and other indicators,the fruit quality of different rootstock combinations was in the decreasing order of Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine>Poncirus trifoliate>Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos>red tangerine>Citrus junos.The fruit granulation rate and granulation index of navel orange in Poncirus trifoli⁃ate+red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos were significantly lower than those in other rootstock combinations.On the whole,the nutrient uptake efficiency of navel orange in Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos are higher,the tree vigor is stronger,and the comprehensive fruit quality is the best,which is suitable for promotion in the Qingjiang River Basin.