将作能钩大匠沉——朱启钤营造之学及其于中国文化遗产研究院的学术薪传

Zhu Qiqian’s Research in Chinese Architecture and His Academic Legacy in the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage

今年是朱启钤先生诞辰150周年,本文通过研读朱启钤创建中国营造学社前后发表的相关重要文字,结合其独特的身世,勾勒朱启钤古建筑研究的学术图景。在中国传统与现代的转折时期,朱启钤是旧时代个别认识到传统建筑及营造匠作之价值并对其加以总结整理的学者中主要的倡导者与实践者,是承先启后的关键核心人物。20世纪30年代中期开始,尤其是1949年之后,朱启钤及中国营造学社的古建筑保护理念、技术及相关实践,通过机构、人员、资料彼此间的关联和承袭,多方面影响了北京(包括之前的“旧都”“北平”)文物整理委员会、古代建筑修整所,以至于如今的中国文化遗产研究院。

This paper outlines the scope of Zhu Qiqian’s research on traditional architecture,by combining his unique family background and personal life with the information contained in relevant texts published before and after Zhu founded the Zhongguo Yingzao Xueshe.During the transition to a modern China,Zhu Qiqian was a key figure connecting the past and the future,as he recognized the value of traditional craftsmanship and building crafts.He mapped out a grand vision for the future of Chinese academia,established modern academic institutions,and made significant contributions to the global study of architecture that opened up a new era.Since the mid-1930s,especially after 1949,the conceptual foundation and related practices(including technologies),as carried out by Zhu and the members of the Society in the field of monument preservation,have greatly influenced the development of the Beijing Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Relics(here referring to the former capital and the city of Peiping)and even that of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage,as the original personnel and material were inherited.