吉林省秸秆覆盖还田耕作制度下播种技术应用

Research On Seeding Technology Under Straw Mulching and Tillage System In Jilin Province

介绍了秸秆覆盖还田对提升农业生产、解决环境生态问题的重要意义,分析了吉林省秸秆覆盖还田耕作技术模式发展现状。针对吉林省西部风沙土区风蚀严重、土壤贫瘠,降雨量少且时空分布不均等问题,提出以玉米秸秆全量还田为核心,以防治风蚀、保土保水、增加土壤有机质为目标,构建全秸秆覆盖还田“清洁区”播种技术模式,研究全秸秆覆盖条件下精密播种技术,解决现有免耕播种机在秸秆全量覆盖条件下拥堵、拖堆、断条、架种、晾种等播种质量较差难题,为吉林省保护性耕作技术研究与发展提供参考。

Introduces the significance of straw mulching for improving agricultural production and solving environmental and ecological problems.The development status of straw mulching tillage technology model in Jilin Province was analyzed.There are many problems in the wind-sand soil area such as heavy wind erosion,poor soil,low rainfall and uneven spatial and temporal distribution in western Jilin Province.In order to solve the problems,we take the total corn straw returning as the core.With the goal of preventing wind erosion,soil and water conservation,and increasing soil organic matter,we construct a full straw mulching'clean area'sowing technology model and study on precision sowing technology of whole straw mulching.This technology can solve the problem of poor sowing quality of existing no-till planters under the condition of full coverage of straw,such as congestion,dragging,breaking,racking and drying,and provide reference for the research and development of conservation tillage technology in Jilin Province.