篮球运动员灵敏素质述评:测试方法、影响因素和训练策略

A Review of Agility Qualities of Basketball Players:Test Methods,Influencing Factors and Training Strategies

研究目的:探究更加符合篮球专项特点的灵敏素质测试方法、影响因素和训练策略。研究方法:本文主要运用了文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法。共纳入文献11篇。其中反应灵敏测试3篇,敏捷性测试1篇,多方向灵敏测试2篇,非计划性篮球专项灵敏测试、进攻和防守灵敏测试和反应折返跑各1篇,Y型反应灵敏测试2篇。结果表明:①篮球运动员灵敏素质的测试方法种类繁多、信度不一、效度有限,其中反应灵敏测试的可靠性更好;②认知决策因素、冲刺能力、下肢力量和运动员场上位置特征这4个方面对篮球运动员灵敏素质具有不同程度的影响;③提高篮球运动员的认知决策能力、增强篮球运动员的下肢力量、提高运动员的离心力量和等长力量是提高篮球运动员灵敏素质的主要训练策略。

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to investigate basketball-specific agility test methods,influencing factors and training strategies.METHODS:Related test methods and contents were summarized after literature review and logical analysis.Among a total of 11 included articles,three articles are on reactive agility test,one on agility test,two on change-of-direction agility test,one on unplanned basketball-specific agility test,one on offensive and defensive agility test,one on reactive shuttle test,and two on running Y-shape course reactive agility test.RESULTS:(a)There are a variety of test methods for basketball players’agility,with varying reliability and limited validity,among which the reliability of the Reactive Agility Test is higher;(b)These articles discuss the influences of cognitive and decision-making factors,sprinting ability,lower limb strength and basketball positions on the agility of basketball players;(c)Improvement of basketball players’cognitive and decision-making ability,lower limb strength,eccentric strength and isometric strength are the principal training strategy for higher agility of basketball players.