不同起爆方式下战斗部破片飞散特性

Dispersion Characteristics of Fragments of the Warhead under Different Initiation Modes

研究不同起爆方式下战斗部破片速度、飞散角度是评估战斗部三维能量场分布特性的基础。概括了单点和两点偏心起爆方式下破片径向速度分布计算模型,其中单点偏心起爆径向速度可通过添加修正变量函数、引入能量分配点、爆轰冲量作用理论推导3种方式获得,两点偏心起爆径向速度主要基于爆轰碰撞马赫波理论求得;归纳总结了考虑两端稀疏波效应的轴向破片速度分布计算模型,包括基于试验结果的装填比函数修正和Gurney方程函数修正;分析对比表明轴线点起爆方式下破片飞散偏转角采用以Randers-Pehrson为代表提出的模型是比较准确的,因为其考虑了轴向速度差异性以及特征加速时间这一表征破片加速历程的参数;指出建立偏心起爆方式下轴向破片速度和飞散偏转角计算模型是未来重点发展方向,其对于定向战斗部设计、毁伤威力评估及引战匹配性研究具有重要意义。

Studying the fragment velocity and dispersion angle of warhead under different initiation modes is the basic premise to evaluate the three-dimensional energy field distribution characteristics of warhead.The calculation models of fragment radial velocity distribution under single point and two-point eccentric initiation are summarized.The radial velocity of single point eccentric initiation can be obtained by adding modified variable function,introducing energy distribution point and theoretical derivation of detonation impulse.The radial velocity of two-point eccentric initiation is mainly obtained based on detonation collision mach wave theory.The calculation model of axial fragment velocity distribution considering the rarefaction effect at both ends is summarized,mainly by introducing a correction function into loading ratio and gurney equation based on the test results.The analysis and comparison show that the calculation model of fragment dispersion deviation angle under axis point initiation proposed by Randers-Pehrson is more accurate,because it considers the difference of axial velocity and characteristic acceleration time,which represent the acceleration process of fragments.It is pointed out that establishing the quantitative calculation model of axial fragment velocity and dispersion deviation angle under eccentric initiation is an important development direction,which is of great significance for the design of directional warhead,the evaluation of damage power and the research of fuze-warhead coordination.