基于线性混合模型研究海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食生态

Feeding ecology of Amblychaeturichthys hexanema in Haizhou Bay based on linear mixed model

随着我国近海多种传统经济渔业资源的衰退,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼已成为海州湾等海域的优势鱼种之一,并在海洋食物网中发挥着重要作用。本研究根据2011年和2013—2016年春季和秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,基于线性混合模型研究了海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食习性以及影响其摄食的主要因素,并对其摄食策略进行分析。结果表明:海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼以虾类、双壳类、端足类等14个饵料生物类群为食,其中端足类、虾类、双壳类、蛇尾类是其主要的饵料类群。从饵料生物种类来看,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的饵料种类有37种,优势饵料生物有钩虾、细螯虾、独眼钩虾、彩虹明樱蛤和鲜明鼓虾等。线性混合模型分析表明,海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食强度受体长、水深、季节、底层盐度的显著影响,其中,摄食强度与水深和底层盐度呈显著负相关关系,而与体长呈显著正相关关系,且春季的摄食强度显著高于秋季。聚类分析表明,以体长70 mm为界,可将六丝钝尾虾虎鱼划分为食性差异较大的两个体长组,其摄食随体长的变化主要与自身摄食能力与饵料生物丰度的变化有关。摄食策略分析表明,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的营养生态位具有较高的表型间成分,对食物的种内竞争较低。本研究将有助于揭示六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的生活史特征,并为其资源的可持续利用和科学管理提供参考依据。

Many traditional economic marine fishery resources have been declining in the coastal waters of China.Amblychaeturichthys hexanema has become one of the dominant species in Haizhou Bay and some other coastal areas of China,playing an important role in marine food webs.We analyzed the feeding strategy of A.hexanema based on the bottom trawl surveys conducted in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters in spring and autumn of 2011 and 2013-2016.The feeding habits and main influencing factors of A.hexanema were studied using linear mixed model(LMM).The results showed that A.hexanema fed on 14 prey groups,with Amphipoda,shrimps,Bivalvia and Ophiuroidea as the main prey groups.A total of 37 species were identified in the preys.The dominant prey species were Gammarus sp.,Leptochela gracilis,Monoculodes sp.,Moerella iridescens and Alpheus distinguendus.Results of the linear mixed model showed that the feeding intensity of A.hexanema in Haizhou Bay was influenced by body length,water depth,survey season,and bottom water salinity.Among them,water depth and bottom salinity had significantly negative effects,whereas the impact of body length was significantly positive.The feeding intensity was significantly higher in spring than that in autumn.Results of cluster analysis showed that A.hexanema had different feeding habits between two length groups as divided by a threshold of 70 mm body length.The change of feeding habit was mainly attributed to the variations in predation ability and food availability.Feeding strategy analysis showed that trophic niche of A.hexanema had large components between phenotypes and low intraspecific competition for prey.This study would contribute to our understanding of life history characteristics and ecological habits of A.hexanema,and provide scientific support for the sustainable utilization and management.