寒露林蛙繁殖期生境特征及影响其生境选择的主要因子

Habitat characteristics and main factors influencing habitat selection of Rana hanluica during breeding period

掌握野生动物的生境特征及生境选择性,对其种群及栖息地保护具有重要意义。寒露林蛙(Rana hanluica)为中国特有种。2020年9—10月,在其模式标本产地——湖南阳明山国家级自然保护区,采用样方法对其繁殖期生境特征和选择性进行了研究。共测量72个样方,记录了坡度、坡向、水温、植被类型、土地利用类型等13个生境因子,并利用生境喜好系数和主成分分析法分析了寒露林蛙的生境选择性。结果表明:寒露林蛙生境特征偏好为地形平缓的半阴半阳坡,地表的温度和相对湿度较高,植被类型主要为水稻(Oryza sativa),喜好选择距离道路和居民点较远、水深较浅、水温较高、水体含氧量较高、水体pH值偏中性的水田产卵;地理因子、温度因子和水体因子是影响寒露林蛙生境选择的主要因子。结合实地调查结果,建议加强寒露林蛙种群生态学研究、实施栖息地保护和修复措施、提高物种保护等级。

Understanding habitat characteristics and habitat selectivity of wildlife play a significant role in designing effective strategies for the conservation of wildlife populations and habitats. Rana hanluica is an endemic frog species in China. Habitat selection of R. hanluica during the breeding period was examined in Hunan Yangmingshan National Nature Reserve(where the specimen collected) from September to October, 2020. A total of 72 quadrats were investigated and 13 habitat factors including vegetation type, land use type, slope, aspect and water temperature were recorded from these quadrats. Habitat preference coefficient analysis and principal component analysis were performed to explore habitat selectivity of R. hanluica. The results showed that R. hanluica prefers gentle semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes with high surface temperature and relative humidity. The vegetation type for R. hanluica habitat was mainly cropland(mainly rice Oryza sativa). R. hanluica preferred to spawn in water fields far from roads and settlements, with shallow water depth, high water temperature, high oxygen content, and neutral pH. The main factors affecting habitat selection of the frogs included geographical factors, temperature factors, and water body factors. Further studies should be conducted to explore population ecology. Habitat protection and restoration measures should be implemented. The level of protection should be increased.