有机磷酸酯阻燃剂健康危害研究进展

Research progress on health hazards of organophosphate flame retardants

随着有机溴系阻燃剂在全球范围内被限制使用,作为其替代品的有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants, OPFRs)的使用量逐年增加,在各种食品、野生动物样品、环境介质以及孕期妇女、儿童等危害敏感人群的生物样品中已广泛检出OPFRs及其代谢物, OPFRs污染可能引发的健康危害以及生态风险值得高度关注。针对OPFRs的早期暴露风险,本文系统综述了关于传统OPFRs生殖发育毒性、脑发育毒性与神经毒性、骨发育毒性、心脏发育毒性、内分泌毒性和代谢毒性的相关研究,并对近年来发现的新型OPFRs毒理学研究进行总结。目前OPFRs的毒理学研究多针对单一OPFR展开,应关注不同OPFRs的联合毒性效应;几种新型OPFRs的动物实验以及人群调查也十分缺乏。本文分析了目前研究存在的问题以及亟待解决的科学问题,以期促进开展OPFRs环境风险和人类健康风险的研究。

With the application of organic bromine flame retardants being restricted in the world, the use of organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs) as its substitutes is increasing year by year. OPFRs and its metabolites have been widely detected in a variety of food, wild animal samples, environmental media and biological samples of pregnant women, children and other vulnerable people. The health hazards and ecological risks caused by OPFRs pollution deserve high attention. In view of the early exposure risk of OPFRs, this paper systematically reviewed the studies on the reproductive and developmental toxicity, brain and neurotoxicity, bone developmental toxicity, heart developmental toxicity, endocrine toxicity and metabolic toxicity of traditional OPFRs, and summarized the toxicological studies of new OPFRs discovered in recent years. At present, most toxicological studies of OPFRs are focused on single OPFR,and the combined toxic effects of different OPFRs should be paid attention to. Animal and human studies of several new OPFRs are also lacking. This paper analyzed the existing problems and scientific problems that need to be solved, in order to promote the research on environmental risks and human health risks of OPFRs.