2018年-2020年某三甲中医医院住院患者疾病构成变化

Analysis on the Changes in Disease Constitution of Inpatients in a Tertiary TCM Hospital from 2018 to 2020

目的 分析某三甲中医医院住院患者疾病构成变化特点,为疾病防治和医院管理工作提供参考依据。方法 收集整理医院2018年1月1日-2020年12月31日住院患者病案首页信息,进行回顾性统计分析,计数资料的比较采用χ~2检验。结果 2020年出院人次同比下降14.44%,呼吸系统疾病由第1位下降到第3位,疾病占比均低于前两年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=371.4、556.7,P<0.05);影响健康状态与保健机构接触的因素占比由第7位上升到第1位,疾病所占比例均高于前2年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1174.27、612.02,P<0.05);0岁~17岁未成年组和65岁以上老年人组出院患者呼吸系统所占比例下降,18岁~64岁中青年组和65岁以上老年人组出院患者影响健康状态与保健机构接触的因素所占比例增长。结论 2020年由于疫情影响住院患者疾病构成变化明显,呼吸系统所占比例下降,影响健康状态与保健机构接触的因素所占比例上升。建议医疗机构根据疾病构成变化特点,合理配置医疗资源,持续提升重点疾病的诊疗水平,尤其重视肿瘤患者在疫情期间的就医需求,实现更加精准、优质的医疗服务。

Objectives This study aims to provide reference bases for disease control and hospital management through the analysis on the changes of inpatients’ disease constitution in a tertiary TCM hospital from 2018 to 2020.Methods Information on the front pages of the inpatients’ medical records from a hospital from 2018 to 2020 was collected. Retrospective statistical analysis was applied and χ~2test was used to compare the counting data. Results The number of discharged patients in 2020 decreased by 14.44% in comparison with the past year. The rank of respiratory diseases decreased from the top to the third and the proportion of respiratory diseases was lower than that in the previous two years. The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=371.4、556.7, P<0.05). The proportion that factors influencing health status and contact with health services accounted for rose from the seventh to the first place. The proportion was higher than that in the previous two years, and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)= 1174.27、612.02, P< 0.05). The proportion of discharged patients with respiratory diseases showed more decrease more in the group of 0-17 years old(minors) and over 65 years old(the elderly) patients.The proportion of discharged patients with factors influencing health status and contact with health services increased more in the group of 18-64 years old(young and middle-aged) and over 65 years old(the elderly) patients.Conclusions The constitution of the hospitalized patients changed significantly in 2020 due to epidemic. The proportion which the respiratory system accounted for decreased significantly and the proportion which the factors affecting the health status and health care institutions accounted for increased significantly. The results of this study suggest the medical institutions to reasonably allocate medical resources according to the changes in the characteristics of disease composition, to continuously improve the diagnosis and treatment level of key disease, and to pay special attention to the medical needs of tumor patients during the epidemic period in order to achieve more accurate and high-quality medical services.