广东某医院重性精神疾病住院患者疾病构成变化

Disease Composition Ratio and Changes of Inpatients with Severe Mental Illness in a Hospital in Guangdong

目的 探讨重性精神疾病住院患者的疾病构成及其变化趋势,为重性精神疾病管理及防治提供科学依据。方法 收集广东省佛山市某医院2012年1月1日-2019年12月31日出院诊断符合6类重性精神疾病之一的病案资料,采用SPSS19.0进行回顾性分析。结果 共收治重性精神疾病住院患者26 821例次,占该院收治精神障碍住院患者的56.81%(26 821/47 208);各年度精神障碍住院患者例次有上升趋势,但重性精神疾病住院患者的构成比却逐年减少,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1122.847,P<0.001)。疾病诊断中,精神分裂症占比最高,达到18972例(占70.74%),其次为双相情感障碍5063例(18.88%)。其中,精神分裂症占比逐年下降,双相情感障碍的占比逐年上升;各年度的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=102.887,P<0.001)。重性精神疾病住院患者主要是26岁~45岁的青中年(平均年龄40.35±14.87岁)、男性(50.36%)、未婚者(54.27%)。结论 重性精神疾病发生率下降,中青年未婚男性发病率高。应加强重性精神疾病的防治,以期降低住院率,降低患者对公共安全和社会的危害。

Objectives This study aims to explore the disease composition and variation trends of the inpatients with severe mental illness in order to provide a scientific basis for the management and prevention of severe mental illness. Methods Medical records, which accorded with one of the six types of severe mental illnesses, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019 were collected from the Third People’s Hospital of Foshan City in Guangdong Province and went through retrospective analysis. Results 26,821 patients hospitalized with severe mental illness were admitted to the hospital, accounting for 56.81%(26 821/47 208) of hospitalized patients with mental disorders during this period. The number of hospitalized patients with mental disorders showed an upward trend, but the constituent ratio of hospitalized patients with severe mental illness was decreasing year by year. The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1122.847, P<0.001). According to the disease diagnoses, schizophrenia accounted for the highest proportion(18 972 cases, 70.74%), followed by bipolar disorder(5063 cases,18.88%). The proportion of schizophrenia was decreasing year by year, while the proportion of bipolar disorder was increasing year by year. The differences between every two years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=102.887, P<0.001). The hospitalized patients with severe mental illness were mainly 26~45 years old(average age 40.35±14.87 years),male(50.36%) and unmarried(54.27%). Conclusions The prevention and treatment of severe mental illness should be strengthened in order to reduce the hospitalization rate and reduce the harm towards public health and society.