老舍现实主义的边缘:规劝、讽喻与“为人生”

The Edge of Lao She’s Realism:Exhortation,Allegory and“For Life”

老舍被归置于现实主义流派由来已久,然而边界宽泛的现实主义却无法给予老舍的创作更清晰的位置刻画与风格定义。规劝与讽喻是老舍小说中习用的艺术工序,其中却蕴含着来自传统古典小说与“为人生”的现实主义小说两种相似却不同的力量成分,两种力量的相叠与对峙使得处于力量中心的老舍作品呈现出复杂的美学面貌,并始终徘徊于文学主潮的边缘。这也正是新旧文学转捩之际个体文人与时代风潮之间,因各自不同动势所产生的缝隙与时差。

Lao She has been placed under the school of realism for a long time.However,the realism with wide boundary can not give Lao She a clear position description and style definition.Exhortation and allegory are the common artistic techniques in Lao She’s novels,contain two similar but different strength components from the traditional classical novels and the realistic novels of“for life”.The overlapping and confrontation of them make Lao She’s works in the center of power present a complex aesthetic appearance and always linger on the edge of the main trend of literature.This is also the gap and time difference between the individual literati and the trend of the times because of their different momentum at the turning point of the new and old literature.