中美聋儿早期听力筛查和干预的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention for Hard of Hearing Children in China and the United States

早期听力筛查和干预实践是帮助聋儿获得与普通儿童同等成功机会的有效途径。美国率先开始相关实践,中国受其影响的同时也具备了自身特点。在发展过程方面,美国是先筛查后干预的渐进式发展,中国是筛查与干预齐头并进;在框架体系方面,美国是在专业组织指导下的持续推进,中国是在政府部门支持下自上而下的迅速完善;在具体内容方面,美国是狭义视角下的教育优先,中国是广义视角下的康复为重。综合上述比较分析,可发现中国的早期听力筛查和干预实践已具备各环节齐头并进、体系迅速完善与着眼广义的早期干预、放眼康复未来效果的特点。未来的发展方向应集中在体系纵向延伸、干预内容多元化等方面。

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention(EHDI)is an effective way to help the deaf/hard of hearing children get the same chance of success as normal children.The United States takes the lead in relevant practices,and China has its own characteristics while being influenced by it.Firstly,in the process of development,in the United States,detection is followed by intervention,while in China,detection and intervention go hand in hand.Secondly,in terms of the framework system,the United States is continuously advancing under the guidance of professional organizations,while China is rapidly improving from top to bottom with the support of government departments.Finally,in terms of specific content,the United States gives priority to education from a narrow perspective,while China gives priority to rehabilitation from a broad perspective.Based on the above comparison,it can be found that the practice of early hearing detection and intervention in China has the characteristics of keeping pace with each link,rapidly improving the system,focusing on the early intervention in a broad sense and looking ahead to the future effect of rehabilitation.The future development direction should focus on vertical extension of the system and diversification of intervention content.