《永恒条约》在赫梯-埃及外交中作用分析

An Analysis on the Execution of the Eternal Treaty in the Diplomatic Relations between Hatti and Egypt

《永恒条约》的缔结是赫梯与埃及邦交中的重大事件。哈图什里三世与拉美西斯二世时期,两国王室间的外交通信在内容与行文两方面均可与该条约形成对应关系。据上述外交通信中所见两国外交实践判断,《永恒条约》中的各项原则与条款,大多得到了贯彻,即便未执行者也为相关外交事务的处理提供了依据。可以认为,《永恒条约》为两国间具体事务的交涉提供了依据,也通过两国的外交实践得到执行。将赫梯—埃及外交通信与《永恒条约》对读也为更加全面理解古代近东大国关系提供了独一无二的视角。

The ratification of the Eternal Treaty has a significant influence on the diplomatic relations between Hatti and Egypt during the reign of Hattusili Ⅲand Rameses Ⅱ. The diplomatic correspondence between them is parallel with the Treaty in both contents and text. According to the diplomatic practices shown in the correspondence, the principles and most provisions in the Treaty had been carried out, and those unexecuted terms provided protocols for the related diplomatic affairs. On one hand, the Eternal Treaty should be accounted the legal frame of the diplomatic negotiations, on the other hand, it was implemented in the diplomatic practices. To collate the diplomatic correspondence with the Eternal Treaty offers a privileged case for understanding the relations between great powers in Ancient Near East more thoroughly.