智能时代政治机器人的初步应用、挑战及风险治理

Preliminary Application, Challenge and Risk Management of Political Robot in Intelligent Times

政治机器人是由人类设计的、用于大规模政治服务的一种人格化的智能机器系统,它通过参加政治议题的讨论、干预政治事件的走向、推动政治文化的发展以实现一定的政治目标。政治机器人的潜在优势体现在实现政府治理的精准化、政治参与的智能化、政治运行的高效化及政治文化的规则化等方面,其技术赋能的理性追求应与构建健康政治生态导向保持一致。在具体政治实践中,政治机器人往往受资本增殖逻辑与技术理性逻辑的双重挟制而成为削弱民主的异化力量,为垄断、滥用、霸占政治权力预留作用空间。政治机器人可引发不同类型的风险,一方面通过激发其应用潜力、协同多元主体、建立动态监测机制、运用学科交叉思维解决政治机器人内生安全问题,另一方面从理念层面、法律层面和制度层面构建风险治理路径,规避机器人成为政治弊病的“催化剂”,从而使科技的智慧之光和制度的理性之光在政治机器人身上得到体现。

Political robot is a humanized machine intelligence system designed by human beings for large-scale political service. Political robots achieve certain political goals by directly participating in the discussion of political issues, intervening in the trend of political events, and promoting the development of political culture. The potential advantages of political robots are embodied in the realization of accurate government governance, intelligence of political participation, efficient political operation and regularization of political culture. The rational pursuit of its technological empowerment should be consistent with the orientation of constructing healthy political ecology. However, in practice, political robots often influenced by the logic of capital multiplication and the logic of technical rationality, so they become alienated forces that weaken democracy and reserve space for monopoly, abuse and occupation of political power. In view of the risks of different types of political robot, on the one hand, to solve the endogenous safety problems of political robots by stimulating its application potential, coordinating multiple subjects, establishing a dynamic monitoring mechanism, and using interdisciplinary thinking, on the other hand, to avoid political robots act as the “catalyst” of political ills by constructing a risk governance path from the conceptual, legal and institutional, so that the light of wisdom of science and technology and the light of rationality of the institution can be reflected in political robots.