高温变化会提高企业劳动力成本吗?

Will High Temperature Change Raise Labor Costs for Enterprises?

本文将我国上市企业数据与企业所在城市的相关数据进行匹配,首次采用温度箱方法考察高温变化对企业劳动力成本的影响。研究发现,高温变化会显著提高企业普通劳动力的成本,但对于高管薪酬水平并无显著影响。具体来说,企业所在城市一年内日最高气温位于(32,+∞)温度箱的天数每增加一天,企业劳动力成本增加约0.165%。一系列稳健性检验证实该结论是稳健、可信的。进一步分析表明,高温变化对企业劳动力成本的负面影响更多地体现于低收入企业,证实气候变化的负向冲击具有“亲贫”特征。相对而言,劳动密集型企业的劳动力成本遭受高温变化的冲击更明显。此外,企业进行数字化转型和提高工业智能化程度能有效缓解气候变暖对其劳动力成本的负面影响。本文拓展了气温变化影响微观企业的相关研究,从环境因素的视角补充了影响企业劳动力成本的相关文献。

In this paper, the data of listed enterprises are matched with the relevant data of the cities where the enterprises are located, and the temperature-bin method is used for the first time to investigate the impact of high temperature change on the labor cost of enterprises. It is found that the change of high temperature will significantly increase the cost of ordinary labor, but has no significant impact on the level of executive compensation. To be specific, the labor cost of the enterprise will increase by 0.165% for each additional day when the maximum daily temperature is located at(32℃, +∞) temperature bin in the city where the enterprise is located in a year. A series of robustness tests confirm that the conclusion is robust and reliable. Further analysis shows that the negative impact of climate change on enterprise labor costs is mainly reflected in low-income enterprises, confirming that the negative impact of climate change is pro-poverty. In contrast, the labor costs in labor-intensive enterprises are also more significantly affected by the change in temperature. In addition, enterprises’ digital transformation and industrial intelligence can effectively mitigate the negative impact of climate warming on their labor costs. This paper expands the relevant research on the impact of temperature change on micro enterprises and supplements the relevant literature on the impact factors of enterprise labor cost from the perspective of environmental factors.