客位视角下杜甫陇蜀诗中的桃源意象

The Taoyuan Image in Du Fu’s Longshu Poems from the Perspective of Guest Position

唐代诗人的羁旅之愁在一定程度上是理想的蹭蹬与客位视角。杜甫在陇蜀诗中大量使用“客”字入诗,以客居之心,久客而生客愁,在此基础上对于桃源意象的书写,具有客位抒情性。杜诗中的桃源意象是对农人的直观描述,他将普通百姓看不到的自然与人生落笔成诗。杜甫对桃源的参与感、享受欲,建立在他所经历过的战争、饥饿中,所以其桃源意象静美又朴实,平易且艰苦。结合杜甫陇蜀诗中对国家、黎民的关注,可知其桃源之思意在对安史之乱后饱受苦难的蒸蒸黎民进行意识性补偿,达到一种心理的平衡。杜甫所建的浣花溪草堂,被后世称为桃源之乐,除了生存之念,草堂的存在之于杜甫,也如饮酒一般的且醉且醒。

To some extent,the poets in Tang Dynasty were caused by the ideal setback and the perspective of position.Du Fu used the word“guest”a lot in his poems of Longshu poems.He wrote the Taoyuan image with lyricism of the guest perspective on this basis.The Taoyuan image in Du’s poems is a direct description of farmers.He wrote the nature and life invisible to ordinary people into his poems.Du Fu’s sense of participation and desire to enjoy the Taoyuan image was based on the war and hunger he had experienced,so the image of the Taoyuan image was quiet,beautiful and simple,plain and hard.Combined with Du Fu’s attention to the country and people in his poems,it can be seen that his idea of Taoyuan image land is intended to make conscious compensation for the steamed people who suffered a lot after the rebellion of An and Shi,so as to achieve a psychological balance.Huanhuaxi Cottage built by Du Fu was called the Joy of Taoyuan in later generations.In addition to the idea of survival,the cottage’s existence was just like drinking alcohol,which made Du Fu drunk and awake.