华南高硫煤分布区酸性矿井水形成的地质环境特征研究

Study on Geological Environment Characteristics Formed by Acid Mine Drainage in High-sulfur Coal Distribution Areas of South China

我国能源结构中,煤炭是最重要的能源之一,而西南喀斯特地区煤炭储量约占全国总量的7.88%,主要集中在云贵川重庆等省市,由于早期地方无序和不合理的开采,引发一系列矿山地质环境问题,其中,煤矿酸性矿井水已成为华南煤矿区开采最主要的污染源。酸性矿井水因中高硫煤层开采氧化形成,而我国高硫煤多分布在华南地区,煤炭资源量约占全国煤炭资源总量的5%。针对华南高硫煤分布区矿井在开采及开采关闭后,产生大量的酸性矿井水,对水环境造成严重的影响和危害的水污染问题,从区域地质环境背景条件的角度,对华南高硫煤分布的地质环境特征、成煤时期的沉积环境、含煤地层条件、中高硫煤区域分布、含硫量特征以及区域水文地质条件等多项影响因素进行全面分析研究,明确了华南高硫煤开采区易产生酸性矿井水污染水环境的地质环境条件,为高硫煤矿区酸性矿井水的防治技术提供地质环境基础条件依据。

Coal is an important energy source in China.The coal reserves in southwest Karst district account for about 7.88%of the national reserves,mainly in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing and so on.Due to the early disorderly and unreasonable mining,a series of mine geological environment problems emerged,among which the acid mine drainage has become the most important pollution source in the South China coal mining area.Acid mine drainage was formed by oxidation of medium and high sulfur coal seam during mining,and the high sulfur coal was mostly distributed in the South China,accounting for about 5%of the total coal resources in China.A large amount of acid mine drainage is discharged during the mining and after the mine closures in high sulfur coal distribution areas in South China.Water pollution caused has serious impact and harm to the water environment.From the perspective of regional geological environment conditions,the geological environment characteristics of high sulfur coal distribution in South China,sedimentary environment during coal forming period,coal bearing strata conditions,regional distribution of medium and high sulfur coal,sulfur content characteristics and regional hydrogeological conditions were comprehensively analyzed and studied.The geological environment conditions of acid mine drainage pollution in high sulfur coal mining area in South China are clarified.It provides the basis of geological environment for the prevention and control technology of acid mine drainage in high sulfur coal mine area.