密蒙花的本草考证

Textual research on the flowers of Buddleja officinalis

密蒙花入药历史悠久,临床应用广泛,主要用于治疗目赤肿痛、多泪羞明、眼生翳膜等证。其发展至今,存在别名、异名众多,基原、产地混乱繁杂的现象。基于此,笔者通过查阅相关古今文献,对密蒙花的名称、基原、产地、炮制加工、性味归经、功效及主治等进行了考证。结果发现,密蒙花最早记载于宋代《开宝本草》,此后历代本草均有收载。宋代至今,密蒙花有“蜜蒙花”“羊耳朵”“冬不凋”等多种异名;其基原应以2020年版《中国药典》规定的马钱科植物密蒙花Buddleja officinalis Maxim.的干燥花或花蕾为正品。在古代,密蒙花的主要产地有四川、重庆、云南、贵州等,炮制方法主要有净制、炒制、酒制、蜜制、蜜酒制、甘草制等;现代密蒙花主产地有山西、陕西、甘肃、四川等,炮制方法以净制、蜜制为主。历代本草对密蒙花性味、归经的认识基本一致,即密蒙花以味甘、性微寒为主,无毒,归肝经,具有祛风凉血、清肝明目、退翳的功效,主治肝经血热所致的眼部疾患。

The flowers of Buddleja officinalis has a long history of being used as a medicine and is widely used in clinical practice,mainly for the treatment of swelling and pain of eye,afraid of seeing strong light,easy to shed tears,pannus.Since its development,there are many aliases and variant names,and the origins and place of origin are confused and complicated.Based on this,the author researches the name,origin,place of origin,processing,taste and meridian tropism,efficacy,functions and indications of B.officinalis flower by consulting ancient and modern literature.The results show that the name of B.officinalis floweris first recorded in the book KaibaoBencao of the Song Dynasty,including many variant names such as“mimenghua”“yang’erduo”“dongbudiao”,etc.;the origins of it shall be the dried flowers or buds of B.officinalis Maxim.,which belongs to the family of Loganiaeeae,stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).In ancient times,B.officinalis flower is mainly produced in Sichuan,Chongqing,Yunnan,Guizhou and other places;the processing methods mainly include cleansing,stir-frying,wine-frying,honey-frying,honey wine-frying,licorice-frying and so on.Nowadays,B.officinalis flower is mainly produced in Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan and other places;the processing methods mainly include cleansing and honey-frying.About its taste andmeridian tropism,the ancient herbal understanding is more consistent,i.e.taste sweet,flat or slightly cold,non-toxic,passing through liver meridian channel;the flower of B.officinalis is good at wind-expelling and blood-cooling therapy,clearing liver and improving vision,eliminating eye screens;it can be used to treat eye diseases caused by heat evil of liver meridian.