数字平台经济垄断的基本特征、内在逻辑与规制思路

The Basic Characteristics,Internal Logic and Regulation of Digital Economic Platform Monopoly

数字平台经济迅速发展崛起,引发的垄断问题对传统反垄断规制方式的适配性形成挑战。平台企业无偿占有用户的“数字劳动”形成“数据垄断”,利用政府提供的数字基础设施获得了比其他企业更高的劳动生产率、超额利润和数据垄断收益。平台经济垄断产生的根本原因是大数据初始资源私人占有和平台企业私有制,因此,平台企业反垄断的重点是坚持平台经济社会主义公有制属性,从明晰产权视角对平台企业所依赖的全民所有资源和经营权边界进行监管。政府应从数字基础设施治理与开放、公共和私人责权边界划分等方面在数字基础设施的提供者、使用数字基础设施的互联网平台和消费者用户之间合理分配收益。

Monopoly caused by the rapid rise and development of digital platform economy challenges the adaptability of traditional anti-monopoly regulations.Platform enterprises appropriate their users’“digital labor”fruits free of charge which forms a“data monopoly”,and use the digital infrastructure provided by the government to obtain higher labor productivity,excess profits and data monopoly benefits than other enterprises.Private ownership of initial big data resources and private ownership of platform enterprises are the root causes of platform monopoly.Therefore,the focus of anti-monopoly of platform enterprises is to adhere to the socialist public ownership attribute of platform economy,supervision to be made from clarifying property rights which rely on clearly-defined boundaries of nationally-owned resources and the management of such enterprises.The government should reasonably distribute the benefits among the providers of digital infrastructure,Internet platforms using digital infrastructure and consumer of such platforms with considerations of digital infrastructure governance and availability,public and private responsibility demarcation,etc.