中国脊椎动物2021年度新增物种报告

New vertebrate forms discovered in China in 2021

为了及时掌握脊椎动物在中国的新增情况,本文汇总了2021年发表的脊椎动物新物种及新记录种的基本信息。结果表明,2021年中国新增脊椎动物95种,包括新种80种,新记录15种。其中鱼类新种15种、两栖类新种28种、爬行类新种31种和新记录10种、鸟类新种1种和新记录3种、哺乳类新种5种和新记录2种。在新增物种中,冷血脊椎动物占绝大多数(占总数的88%),提示这些类群可能仍是以后探索的重点;两栖类新增物种集中于无尾目、爬行类集中于有鳞目,分别为27种和40种,各占其新增物种总数的96%和98%;新增哺乳类动物全部为小型兽类。本次新增物种的分布涉及30个省区,其中云南33种、四川11种、广西10种、西藏和广东均为7种、台湾6种,累计约占新增物种总数的70.5%;其余省区新增物种在5种或以下。有84个物种(占总数的88%)发表时应用了分子系统学研究,提示这一技术手段是分类工作的重要支撑。在新发现的95个物种中,绝大部分物种为中国学者发表;除3种鸟类新记录种外,其余的新种和新记录均正式发表于英文期刊,其中在中国出版的3种期刊发表了21个新种和2个新记录种。本文工作可为中国脊椎动物的分类和保护等相关工作提供基础信息。

Aims:To collate and report new vertebrate species discovered in China in 2021.Methods:This paper summarized the basic information of new vertebrates published in literature in 2021,including 83 papers and one website(http://www.birdreport.cn/).Results:In 2021,95 vertebrate species were newly discovered in China,including 80 new species and 15 national new record species.Among them,there were 15 new species of fish,28 new species of amphibian,31 new species and 10 national new record species of reptiles,1 new species and 3 national new record species of bird,5 new species and 2 national new record species of mammal.Among them,cold-blooded vertebrates accounted for 88%,suggesting that they are the focus of future taxonomic research of vertebrates;most of amphibians and reptiles are Anuran and Squamata,having 27 and 40 species,accounted 96%and 98%of the total new species of them,respectively.All newly added mammals belong to small types.The distribution of these new vertebrates involves 30 provincial regions,including 33 species in Yunnan,11 species in Sichuan,10 species in Guangxi,7 species in Xizang and Guangdong,6 species in Taiwan,totally accounting for 70.5%of the total new vertebrates.Only 5 or fewer species were discovered in other provincial regions.A total of 84 species(accounting for 88%)have been supported from molecular systematics,suggesting that the application of molecular systematics technology is still an important method for the classification of taxa.Most of the species of new vertebrates discovered in China in 2021 were published by Chinese scholars,except for the 3 new national record species of birds,the rest were officially published in English journals,of which 3 journals in China have published 21 new species and 2 new records.Conclusion:This work provides comprehensive basic information for the classification and protection of vertebrates in China,also indicates that taxonomic studies,particularly the cold-blooded vertebrates,should be the continuous focus of biodiversity research in China.An integrative taxonomic approach,including molecular genetic data,should be more important in future studies.