社会参与模式对老年人心理健康的影响——基于个人—家庭平衡的视角

Social Participation Patterns and their Impact on the Mental Health of the Elderly——A Personal-family Balance Perspective

社会参与是促进老年心理健康、实现积极老龄化的重要行动方案。基于个人—家庭平衡的视角,利用2015年和2018年“中国健康与养老追踪调查”数据,通过潜在类别模型将老年人社会参与模式分为个人中心型、家庭中心型、平衡型和低参与型四类。分析社会参与模式对老年人心理健康的影响,研究发现:(1)相比低参与型和家庭中心型,个人中心型能够显著降低老年人的抑郁程度,但是这个改善效应尚不足以影响老年人抑郁与否的结果;(2)个人中心型对农村老人的抑郁程度改善效应更加显著,家庭中心型的城镇老人比低参与型更容易陷入抑郁;(3)相比低参与型的老年人,个人中心型显著降低了中龄老人的抑郁程度,家庭中心型和平衡型的低龄老人表现出了更高的抑郁概率。研究社会参与模式对老年人心理健康的影响,探索更具健康改善效应的模式,有助于为促进老年社会参与的政策实践提供参考,从而积极应对人口老龄化。

Social participation is an important action plan that both promotes mental health among the elderly and active aging. Participation levels of the elderly in personal and family life form differentiated patterns of social participation. Based on the perspective of personal-family balance, this study used latent structure analysis of data from the 2015 and 2018 “China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey” to classify four types of social participation patterns among the elderly: individual-centered, family-centered,balanced, and low-participated. The impact of these patterns on the mental health of the elderly was then analyzed through a lagged regression model. This study finds that:(1) compared with low-participated and family-centered, individual-centered can significantly reduce the degree of depression in the elderly;but this effect is not enough to affect the likelihood of suffering from depression.(2) The individual-centered type has a more significant effect on relieving depression among the rural elderly, and the family-centered urban elderly are more likely to fall into depression than the low-participated.(3) As against the low-participated elderly, the individual-centered pattern significantly reduces the degree of depression among the middle-aged elderly, but the family-centered and balanced young elderly show a higher probability of depression. Studying the impact of social participation patterns on the mental health of the elderly and exploring patterns with more health-improving effects can inform policy practices for the social participation of the elderly and proactively respond to the aging of the population.