桂林市夏季自然通风住宅热环境与老年人热舒适研究

Research on elderly thermal comfort and thermal environment in naturally ventilated residential buildings in Guilin city in summer

为定量研究老年人对居住环境的热舒适需求及特征规律,2021年夏季对桂林市13个居住小区124户住宅室内外热环境参数进行现场实测,同时对居住其中的175位老年人展开热舒适主观问卷调查,回收有效问卷522份。通过回归分析等统计分析方法,分析个体差异下老年人的热舒适特性和作用机理。结果表明,桂林市老年人夏季实测中性温度为26.3℃,预测中性温度为25.7℃,期望温度为25.4℃,热感觉、热期望、热满意存在同步现象;老年人的热舒适受性别、年龄、健康状况等因素影响,高龄、健康、老年女性的中性温度和期望温度均分别高于低龄、患慢性疾病、老年男性。本研究可为适老建筑室内热环境改善和节能设计提供科学依据。

To quantitatively study the thermal comfort demands and characteristics of the elderly in residential environment, the indoor and outdoor thermal environment parameters of 124 households in 13 residential communities were measured in summer, 2021, in Guilin city. Meanwhile, the subjective questionnaire survey on thermal comfort was carried out among 175 elderly residents. In total, 522 valid questionnaires were collected. The statistical analysis methods such as regression analysis were used to analyze the elderly thermal comfort performance and mechanism for individual differences. Results indicated that there was a similar trend in thermal sensation, thermal preference and thermal acceptability. The actual neutral temperature, predicted neutral temperature and expected temperature of the elderly in Guilin in summer are 26.3℃, 25.7℃ and 25.4℃,respectively. The elderly thermal comfort was influenced by the age, gender and health disparities. The neutral temperature and expected temperature of elderly, healthy people and elderly women were higher than those of young, people with chronic diseases and elderly men, respectively. This study provides scientific evidence for indoor thermal environment and energy-saving design of elderly-oriented buildings.