光响应型分子的合成及应用研究进展

Research progress on synthesis and application of photoresponsive molecules

光响应型分子作为一种刺激性响应分子,因其具有信号稳定、远程控制、瞬时性和环保性等优势,而广泛应用于智能材料、光控器件等领域,其中最典型、研究最广泛的当属光致异构分子。光致异构分子在特定波长光照下会发生结构变化,在宏观上有时会表现出颜色的改变,在另一波长光照下结构会重新变为原来的结构,颜色也会随之褪去。综述了螺吡喃、偶氮苯、二芳基乙烯等几种主流的光致异构分子的合成与制备、光响应机理以及在盐湖资源提取、药物检测、储能材料制备等实际生产生活中的应用,并对光响应分子在低成本环境友好合成、复合功能材料化、智能分子器件等方面的发展趋势进行了展望。

As a kind of stimuli‐responsive molecules,light-responsive molecules have been widely used in smart materials,light-controlled devices and other fields due to their advantages of signal stability,remote control,transient and environmental protection.Among them,the most typical and widely studied are photoisomeric molecules.The structure of photoisomeric molecules change under specific wavelengths of light,sometimes with macroscopic color changing.Under another wavelength of light,the structure reverts back to their original structure and the color fade.The synthesis and preparation of spiropyran,azobenzene,diaryl ethylene and other mainstream photoisomeric molecules,the light response mechanism and their applications in practical production and life such as salt lake resource extraction,drug detection and energy storage material preparation were reviewed.The development trends of photoresponsive molecules in low-cost and environment-friendly synthesis,composite functional materials,intelligent molecular devices and so on were prospected.