转出抑或撂荒:外包服务对小农户的挤出效应--来自河南省麦农的证据

Transfer or Abandonment:The“Crowding out”Effect of Outsourcing Services on Small Farmers-Evidence from Wheat Farmers in Henan Province

小农户退出农地经营,不仅涉及中国农业经营主体转换与基本经营制度变革的基础性问题,而且关联到国家农业安全特别是粮食安全等重大议题。农机服务市场发育对小农户农地经营是否存在着“挤出”效应,尚未得到一致结论。利用河南省小麦种植样本农户数据进行实证分析,结果表明:(1)外包服务促进了小农户退出农地经营,主要表现为促进农地转出而不是农地撂荒,且对均值规模以下的农户退出行为的影响更为明显。(2)异质性分析并未改变外包服务对农地经营影响的主效应,且要素市场发育亦有利于推动农地转出,并有效抑制农地撂荒。(3)进一步的分析表明,服务价格上涨推动了农户退出农地经营,但外包服务的本地化则减缓了农地经营的退出。文章认为,应该关注外包服务的“双刃剑”作用,加快相关要素市场的发育及其匹配,搭建农机服务信息平台,稳妥推进小农户农地经营退出的相关制度建设。

The withdrawal of small farmers from farmland operation not only involves the fundamental issues of the transformation of agricultural operation subjects and the reform of basic operation system in China,but also relates to the national agricultural security,especially food security.On whether the development of agricultural machinery service market has“crowding out”effect on smallholders farmland management,a unanimous conclusion has not been reached.Based on the data of wheat farmers in Henan Province,this paper conducted an empirical analysis.The results showed that:(1)Outsourcing services promoted the withdrawal of smallholders from farmland management,mainly promoting the transfer of farmland rather than abandonment,and the impact on the withdrawal behavior of farmers below the mean size was more obvious.(2)Heterogeneity analysis did not change the main effect of outsourcing services on farmland management,and the development of factor market was also conducive to promoting farmland transfer and effectively inhibiting farmland abandonment.(3)Further analysis showed that the rising service prices promoted farmers withdrawal from farmland management,but the localization of outsourcing services slowed down the withdrawal from farmland management.The paper argued that we should pay attention to the double-edged sword function of outsourcing services,accelerate the development and matching of relevant factor markets,build agricultural machinery service information platform,and steadily promote the relevant system construction of small farmers land management withdrawal.