基于节点重要性的建筑群火灾蔓延高危建筑的确定方法

Method of Determining High-risk Buildings for Fire Spread in Densely Built Building Areas Based on Importance of Network Nodes

为识别对建筑群火灾蔓延影响大的重要单体建筑,获得低干预的火灾防控策略,结合多场景建筑群火灾蔓延模拟结果确定蔓延有向图模型;引入适宜的复杂网络节点重要度评价方法分析其重要节点,给出建筑群重要节点改造序列的搜索算法,并以火灾损失期望为评价指标确定改造节点数量;最后,将上述方法应用于某村落建筑群的火灾蔓延防控问题。结果表明:所述方法均能有效确定建筑群火灾蔓延网络节点的重要度排序及重要节点的改造序列,但其效果存在一定差异;仅对少数高危建筑进行改造可大幅降低火灾蔓延风险。

It is important to obtain low intervention fire prevention and control strategy in dense building areas by detecting the key building that dominate the extent of fire spread. First, established the spread directed graph model based on the multi-scenario building group fire spread simulation results. Then, the complex network method was introduced to study the appropriate sorting method of important nodes. Furthermore, a search algorithm for the reconstruction sequence of important nodes is proposed, and the number of retrofit nodes is determined with fire loss expectation as the evaluation index. Finally, the above method is applied study the issues of fire spread prevention and control in wooden village buildings. The results show that the critical buildings and their fire protection priorities can be accurately determined by the method of this paper, but their effects are different. The risk of fire spread can be significantly reduced through improving the fire protection levels of a relatively small number of buildings.