表述·符号·话语——巴赫金表述诗学中的言语行为论

Expression,Sign and Discourse:Speech Act Theory in Bakhtin’s Expression Poetics

巴赫金的表述诗学是建立在其语言哲学基础上的理论体系。表述诗学中的言语行为过程,主要体现在表述与语言—言语、符号、话语的关系上,表述代表了个人的言语行为。它不能单独出现,而是存在于说话者之间。具体的个体只有在言语行为中才会产生表述,而语言在言语交际中才能实现表述的功能,从而形成个体的言语行为活动。巴赫金将“语言—言语—表述”具体化,他将表述看作整个言语活动链条中的一个环节,表述的价值以及自我完成情况只有在言语交际中才能完成。

Bakhtin’s expression poetics is a theoretical system based on his philosophy of language.The speech act process in expression poetics is mainly reflected in the relationship between expression and language-speech,symbol and discourse.Expression represents an individual speech act.It cannot appear alone,but exists among speakers.A specific individual can produce expression only in speech act,and language can realize the function of expression in speech communication,so as to form individual speech action.Bakhtin regarded expression as a link in the whole chain of speech activities.The value of expression and self completion can only be completed in verbal communication.