北京市2980例3月龄内婴儿发育筛查及影响因素分析

Analysis of developmental screening and influencing factors of 2980 infants under three months in Beijing

目的了解北京市3月龄内婴儿发育状况,探讨小月龄婴儿早期发育的影响因素。方法选取2020年8月至2021年2月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院儿童保健门诊进行健康检查的3月龄内婴儿2980例,采用现况研究设计,通过《年龄与发育进程问卷(第三版)》(Ages and Stages Questionnaires,ASQ-3)获得在沟通、粗大动作、精细动作、解决问题和个人-社会5个能区的发育情况,并分析3月龄内婴儿发育的影响因素。结果2980例婴儿在沟通、粗大动作、精细动作、解决问题和个人-社会能区低于界值的比率分别为1.2%、0.03%、1.4%、0.6%和3.2%。多重线性回归分析显示,3月龄内婴儿ASQ-3沟通能区得分与孕周(β=1.286,95%CI:0.862~1.709)和婴儿出生体质量(β=0.002,95%CI:0.000~0.003)呈正相关;粗大动作能区得分与性别(β=-0.671,95%CI:-1.211~-0.132)和产次(β=0.878,95%CI:0.104~1.652)有关;精细动作能区与产次(β=1.524,95%CI:0.663~2.384)呈正相关;解决问题能区与孕周(β=0.780,95%CI:0.386~1.175)、产次(β=1.166,95%CI:0.015~2.316)呈正相关,与母亲年龄(β=-0.179,95%CI:-0.294~-0.064)呈负相关;个人-社会能区得分与孕周(β=0.591,95%CI:0.261~0.921)、产次(β=1.135,95%CI:0.171~2.100)呈正相关,与孕次(β=-0.476,95%CI:-0.943~-0.009)呈负相关。结论应关注婴儿发育早期影响因素,做好孕期保健减少早产发生,促进婴儿早期心理行为发育。

Objective To understand the developmental status of infants under three months in Beijing,and to explore the influencing factors of the early development of infants of a young month.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ-3)was used to evaluate development behavior,including communication,gross movement,fine movement,problem solving,and personal-society development,and the influencing factors of developmental status on 2980 infants under three months in the Department of Children’s Health Care were analyzed.Results The rates below the critical value of communication,gross movement,fine movement,problem solving,and personal-social competence zones in the 2980 sample were 1.2%,0.03%,1.4%,0.6% and 3.2%.Regression analysis showed that the ASQ-3 communication scores were positively related to gestational age(β=1.286,95%CI:0.862-1.709)and infant birth weight(β=0.002,95%CI:0.000-0.003);gross movement score was related to gender(β=-0.671,95%CI:-1.211--0.132)and parity(β=0.878,95%CI:0.104-1.652);fine movement was positively related to parity(β=1.524,95%CI:0.663-2.384);the problem-solving score was positively related to gestational age(β=0.780,95%CI:0.386-1.175),parity(β=1.166,95%CI:0.015-2.316),and was negatively correlated with mother’s age(β=-0.179,95%CI:-0.294--0.064);personal-social score was positively correlated with gestational age(β=0.591,95%CI:0.261-0.921),parity(β=1.135,95%CI:0.171-2.100),and negatively correlated with pregnancy times(β=-0.476,95%CI:-0.943--0.009).Conclusions It is necessary to pay attention to the influencing factors in the early stage of infant development.Health care should be carried during pregnancy to reduce the occurrence of premature birth,and promote the early psychological and behavioral development of infants.