1922年潮汕“八·二”风灾的地方应对

Local Reactions to the“8.2”Storm(1922)in Chaoshan

民国11年(1922),粤省潮汕地区发生了一场特大台风灾害,导致8万余人丧身其中,并造成巨大的财产损失,被称为20世纪死伤最严重的一次台风灾害。风灾发生后,潮汕地方精英动员当地社会内部力量并吸纳海内外各地潮属资源,担负起筹办救灾的重任,包括成立汕头赈灾善后办事处、澄海救灾公所及分所等各级临时救灾组织机构,派员到各灾区调查灾情并及时向海内外报灾,联合当地善堂及各驻灾区赈灾团体实施收埋尸体、救治伤员、施济粥食等一系列应急救灾活动;同时,为防患于未然,开展修筑堤围、建造避灾屋、建立医院等各项善后事宜,在一定程度上为当地社会的稳定和经济的延续起到了维持作用。

A super typhoon struck Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province in 1922,killed more than 80000 people and caused huge property losses.It is known as the most serious typhoon disaster in the 20th century.After the disaster,Chaoshan local elites took the responsibility,mobilized local social forces and absorbed the resources of overseas Chinese at home and abroad.They established relief institutions at different levels,investigated and reported the damage,and cooperated with other charity organizations to relieve the distress,maintain social stability,and develop economy.Their relief work reflected the good cooperation mechanism between local government and social forces in the turbulent situation of the early Republic of China.