赫拉利未来进化史观再审视:以马克思主义唯物史观为视角

A Reflection on Harari’s View of Future Evolutionary History From the Perspective of Marxist Historical Materialism

赫拉利对人类进化以及未来世界的预测,虽具有一定的警示作用,但却过分强调技术精英的作用,忽视人与自然的关系,否定无产阶级的作用,导致他的理论充斥着“技术决定论”与“虚无主义”,因而需要从马克思主义唯物史观的视角提出这些观点:“现实的人”是进化的主体;类本质实践是人进化的本质,人与自然在进化中相辅相成;人的进化具有主体性,无产阶级具有进化优越性。就对策而言,以马克思主义唯物史观为基石重新建立未来人类进化新的理论框架,一要防止技术异化,保证“现实的人”的主体地位的正向类本质实践;二要促进人的全面发展,解放生产力;三要建立无产阶级“自由人的联合体”,彰显无产阶级优越性,进而实现进化理论的全面胜利。

Although Harari’s general prediction concerning human evolution and the future world has a certain warning effect, it overemphasizes the role of technical elites, ignores the relationship between man and nature, and negates proletariat role, which is inundated with theoretical "technology determinism" and "nihilism". It is necessary to be rectified from the perspective of Marxist historical materialism. Specifically, "realistic man" is the evolution subject;the practice of quasi-essence is the essence of human evolution, and man and nature complement each other in evolution;man’s evolution has its subjectivity and the proletariat has evolutionary superiority. In terms of countermeasures, a new theoretical framework about future human evolution should be established based on historical materialism: first, to prevent technological alienation to guarantee the positive quasi-essence practice of the subject status of "realistic man";then to promote the all-round development of human being to liberate the productive forces;at last, to establish a "free man community" consisted of the proletariat to demonstrate their own superiority, further to achieve the overall evolution victory.