翅果油树人工林表型性状变异规律研究

Phenotypic Traits Variation Pattern of Elaeagnus mollis Diels.Plantation

目的]分析翅果油树表型性状的多样性,掌握翅果油树种质资源性状变异规律,从中挖掘优异种质资源,为后续林木良种和新品种选育奠定基础。[方法]从山西省翼城县翅果油树省级自然保护区内选择100棵10年生翅果油树实生苗,根据数量分类法编制性状调查表,采用多种方法对翅果油树种质资源表型性状变异规律进行分析。[结果]翅果油树表型性状的变异系数为9.72%~37.66%,平均变异系数为22.26%。数量性状的多样性指数(H')为1.056~2.213。相关性分析发现,单一器官不同性状的相关性均较高,不同器官间性状普遍没有相关性,但叶长与6个果实性状均具有显著相关性。主成分分析发现,前7个主成分的累积贡献率为79.053%,各性状贡献率较分散。果实性状聚类分析表明,在距离系数为10时,100棵翅果油树聚为3大类,且类别之间果实性状具有显著性差异。果实性状主成分分析表明,产量与种仁性状可以作为翅果油树良种选育的首要目标,因此,在第Ⅲ类中选择个体10、17、33、37、56、74作为未来翅果油树林木良种或新品种选育的首选材料。[结论]山西省翅果油树人工林表型性状变异丰富,可分别根据不同育种目标进行选育。

[Objective]To excavate high-quality germplasm resources and provide solid foundation for the selection and breeding of superior and new varieties in the future,it is necessary to analyze the phenotypic traits variation pattern of E.mollis.[Method]10010-year-old seedlings were selected from the provincial nature reserve of E.mollis located in Yicheng,Shanxi Province.A trait list of E.mollis was compiled according to the quantitative classification method.Various methods were used to reveal the variation pattern of E.mollis germplasm resources.[Results]The phenotypic variation of E.mollis ranged from 9.72%to 37.66%,with an average coefficient variation value of 22.26%.H’of the phenotypic traits varied between1.056 and 2.213.Correlation analysis showed that phenotypic traits of a single organ correlated significantly with each other,phenotypic traits from different organs showed no correlation.However,the leaf length showed significant correlation with fruit traits.PCA result showed that the first 7 principal components contributed 79.053%to the total variation,and the contribution rate of each trait was scattered.Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits of fruit showed that all the individuals can be divided into 3 groups at the coefficient distance of 10 and differences among these 3 groups were significant.PCA analysis of phenotypic traits of fruit indicated that yield and kernel related traits can be chosen as the primary target in future E.mollis breeding.Therefore,individual 10,17,33,37,56 and 74 were chosen as the primary material for future breeding of superior and new varieties of E.mollis.[Conclusion]The phenotypic traits variation pattern of E.mollis plantation in Shanxi Province was high,different materials can be chosen based on various breeding targets.