劳动力市场一体化发展的时空演变、区域差异及分布动态演进

The Temporal and Spatial Evolution,Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of Distribution of the Integrated Development of the Labor Market

文章在利用相对价格法对2005-2019年长三角城市群劳动力市场一体化水平测度的基础上,采用冷热点分析、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计和Markov链进一步考察其时空特征、区域差异及动态演进特征。研究发现:(1)长三角城市群劳动力市场一体化水平呈现“逐渐上升-波动下降”的非线性特征,且呈现“浙江9城市>江苏9城市>安徽8城市>上海市”的分布特征。(2)长三角城市群劳动力市场一体化发展具有较强的空间集聚态势,热点区域由江苏城市逐渐向上海、浙江城市扩散,而冷点区域主要集聚于安徽城市。(3)区域差异总体上呈现“缩小-扩大”的演进态势,其中上海区域内差距最大,“浙江9城市”区域内差距最小,且区域间差异是区域差异的主要来源。(4)长三角城市群劳动力市场一体化水平演变呈现明显的“俱乐部趋同”与“马太效应”,同时处于高水平地区的劳动力市场一体化发展具有正向空间溢出效应。因此,努力缩小长三角城市群劳动力市场一体化发展区域差距,对推进城市群劳动力市场协调发展和要素市场化改革具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Based on the measurement of the labor market integration level of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2019 by the relative price method,this paper uses the cold and hot spot analysis,Dagum Gini coefficient,Kernel density estimation and Markov chain to further examine its temporal and spatial characteristics,regional differences and dynamic evolution characteristics.It is found that:The level of labor market integration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration presents a non-linear characteristic of“gradual rise-volatility decline”,and presents a“Zhejiang 9 cities>Jiangsu 9 cities>Anhui 8 cities>Shanghai”distribution characteristics.The integrated development of the labor market has a strong spatial agglomeration trend.Hot spots gradually spread from Jiangsu cities to Shanghai and Zhejiang cities,while cold spots are mainly concentrated in Anhui cities.Regional differences generally show an evolutionary trend of“narrowing-expanding”.Among them,the gap in Shanghai is the largest,and the gap in the“9 cities in Zhejiang”is the smallest,and inter-regional differences are the main source of regional differences.The evolution of the labor market integration level in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows obvious“club convergence”and“Matthew effect”.At the same time,the development of labor market integration in high-level areas has a positive spatial spillover effect.Therefore,efforts to narrow the regional gap in the integrated development of the labor market in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration have important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the coordinated development of the urban agglomeration labor market and the market-oriented reform of factors.