城市居民感知的公共空间正义测度与优化

Measurement and Optimization of Spatial Justice in Public Space Perceived by Urban Residents

在推进以人为本的城镇化过程中,如何让居民享受更高品质的城市公共空间、分享城市发展成果是关乎人民美好生活福祉的现实问题。运用空间正义理论,构建基本享用、参与发展、行政决策、共建共治四维因素影响下城市居民感知的公共空间正义模型,建立SEM结构方程进一步测度各影响因素对城市居民感知的公共空间正义的影响水平,探讨其作用机制。结果显示,基本享用、参与发展、行政决策、共建共治水平的提高均能够显著提升城市居民感知的公共空间正义水平。实施Bootstrap法的中介效应检验后发现,从共建共治出发的两组一阶中介效应和一组链式中介效应对城市居民感知的公共空间正义影响显著,验证了这种影响过程中协同联动机制的存在。进一步研究发现,基本享用对参与发展的影响、行政决策对基本享用的影响存在明显区域异质性,其他影响路径的差异则不明显。因此,提升城市居民感知的公共空间正义,应从城市公共空间的供给总量、供给内容、供给结构等方面予以统筹优化,推进高质量城市公共空间的“内涵式”建设。政府等相关部门在参与空间生产的过程中要坚持以人民为中心,加强对规划、开发环节的监管力度,促进各方因素有效联动,协同推进。

In the process of promoting people-oriented urbanization,it is a major theoretical and practical issue to let residents enjoy high-quality urban public space and share the fruits of urban development.With the increase of people’s demand for better life quality urban public space has not only become material carrier for people’s production and life,but also important place where people can achieve their all-round development in modern society.However,it should be realized that in the past decades of rapid economic development in China the scarce resource of urban public space has been included in the whole process of capital production,distribution,exchange and consumption.Affected by rights,capital and society,the space planning,space construction and space governance need to be further improved.Based on the theory of spatial justice,the model of spatial justice in public space perceived by urban residents under the influence of four dimensional factors including basic enjoyment,participation in development,administrative decision-making,co-construction with co-governance is constructed.Based on the sample data from the urban public space survey,the structural equation model is established to measure the influence level of various factors on urban residents’perception of spatial justice in public space and explore its mechanism.The model analysis results show that the improvement of basic enjoyment,participation in development,administrative decision-making,and co-construction with co-governance can significantly improve the level of spatial justice in public space perceived by urban residents.After further implementing the intermediary effect test of Bootstrap method,we find out that two groups of first-order intermediary effects and a group of chain intermediary effects starting from co-construction with co-governance have significant impact on residents’subjective perception of public spatial justice,which verifies the existence of collaborative linkage mechanism in the process of this impact.Exploring the regional heterogeneity of impact paths,we find out that there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the impact of basic enjoyment on participation in development and the impact of administrative decision-making on basic enjoyment,while the differences of other impact paths are not that obvious.Therefore,to improve the spatial justice in public space perceived by urban residents,we should optimize the total supply,supply content and supply structure of urban public space,and promote the“connotative”construction of high-quality urban public space.In the process of participating in space production,the government and other relevant departments should adhere to the people-centered principle,strengthen the supervision of planning and development,and promote the effective linkage and coordinated advancement of all factors.The research has certain policy reference value for the achievement of the objectives of improving the new urbanization strategy and improving the quality of urbanization development proposed in the 14th Five-Year Plan.