从舶来向本土模式转变的过渡地带——河湟谷地伊斯兰建筑研究

The Transition Zone from Imported to Local Models:A Study of Islamic Architecture in the Hehuang Valley

河湟谷地位于山脉河谷纵横交织的黄河上游地区,自古便是丝绸之路、唐蕃古道、茶马古道的咽喉。伊斯兰教经由西域进入嘉峪关后,河湟谷地是其重要的驻足地。伊斯兰建筑受到河湟谷地自然气候条件、伊斯兰教中国化、汉藏多元文化等因素的共同影响,普遍采用与“庄廓院”民居同构的布局方式,攒尖屋顶与外凸穹顶嫁接组合的唤醒楼盔顶形式,以及融合藏式梁柱“摞活”与雕塑化斗栱的外檐做法等,在布局方式、结构做法、装饰艺术方面具有过渡、复合、创新的鲜明特征,形成了向本土模式转变的特殊形式,是研究伊斯兰建筑营造体系的珍贵样本。

The Hehuang Valley is located in the upstream of the Yellow River.After Islam entered the Jiayuguan through the Western Regions,the Hehuang Valley was an important location for it.Islamic architecture was inf luenced by the natural climatic conditions of the Hehuang Valley,the Sinicization of Islam,and the multiculturalism of Han and Tibet.It generally adopts the same layout as the"Zhuangkuo"residential architecture.Awakening the form of architectural armour,as well as incorporating the Tibetan practice of"stacking"beams and pillars and the sculptural eaves,it is distinctly transitional,composite and innovative in its layout,structure,and decorative art.This particular form of transition to a local model is a precious sample for the study of Islamic architectural construction systems.