“平面动态网格法”在近代西洋建筑设计中的应用分析——以苏州东吴大学旧址精正楼为例

Application Analysis of"Plan-Net"Method in Modern Western Architectural Design:An Example of the Jingzheng Building at the Former Site of Soochow University

长期以来,近代建筑研究比较关注其历史价值或尺度比例的分析,少有涉及到建筑师最初的设计方法探究和建造逻辑的原始推演。“平面动态网格法”作为一种非均质轴网布局设计的方法,可能较普遍应用于西方建筑师的设计逻辑中。但在向中国传入的环节缺少足够记载而被长期湮没在历史长河中。本文回顾西方建筑史学中追求数字关系与比例美学的背景,从西方建筑师统领设计施工全过程的基本认识出发,认为西方建筑师有可能在设计的同时就考虑到后续施工的建造顺序。设计图的平面动态生成过程就是将来施工定位与放线建造的过程,而这一设计方法,被定义为“平面动态网格法”。引述国外相关研究和支撑依据,详细揭示“平面动态网格设计”这一可能存在的历史设计方法的具体推演过程,并以苏州东吴大学旧址中的精正楼为案例分析,探究这一设计方法在中国近代西洋建筑设计中的具体应用。

For a long time,scholars have focused on the analysis of post-construction scale proportions,and the exploration of the principles of harmonious beauty in the study of modern architectural heritage,rarely exploring the architects’initial design methods or deduced original construction logic.As a grid design logic for heterogeneous layout,"plan-net"is a method widely used in Western architectural design,but has long sunk into history due to a lack of sufficient records.This paper reviews the Western pursuit of numerical proportional aesthetics throughout history and the basic understanding of Western architects in dominating the whole process of design and construction,arguing that Western architects may consider the sequence of construction at the same time as they design.The planar dynamic generation process of design drawings is the process of future construction positioning and settingout construction,and this design method is defined as"plan-net"in this paper.This paper also quotes relevant foreign research and supporting evidence to reveal in specific the process of deriving a possible historical"plan-net"design method,and uses the example of the Jingzheng Building at the former site of Soochow University to explore the practical application of this design method in modern Western architectural design in China.