某海外企业员工疟疾防治健康教育效果评价

Evaluation of the effectiveness of malaria control health education among overseas enterprise employees

目的评价健康教育改善海外企业员工疟疾防治相关知识、态度与行为(knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)的效果。方法2019年9月,对刚果民主共和国某中资矿产企业全体中方员工开展实地疟疾防治健康教育。在问卷星网站创建疟疾防治KAP调查问卷,分别于干预前和干预后14个月对干预对象开展两次问卷调查。回收问卷后,根据调查对象是否接受健康教育干预及参与前后两次问卷调查,将有效问卷分为基线组(接受干预且参与两次问卷调查的应答者干预前填写的问卷)、失访组(接受干预但仅参与干预前问卷调查的应答者填写的问卷)、复测组(接受干预且参与两次问卷调查的应答者干预后填写的问卷)、新增组(未接收干预、仅参与干预后问卷调查的应答者填写的问卷)4组。对基线组与失访组、基线组与复测组、复测组与新增组疟疾防治知识正确率、态度认可率、行为依从率进行比较。结果两次问卷调查分别回收有效问卷110份和142份,有效回收率分别为90.9%和70.3%。基线组、失访组、复测组、新增组分别包含77、77、33、65份有效问卷。基线组与失访组应答者性别、年龄、学历构成差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),两组应答者KAP平均得分差异亦均无统计学意义(Z_(知识)=2.011、t_(态度)=-0.787、t_(行为)=-0.787,P均>0.05)。复测组应答者疟疾防治知识、态度、行为平均得分分别为10.83、29.48、6.43分,基线组分别为9.79、28.61、5.91分,差异均有统计学意义(Z_(知识)=-4.017、Z_(态度)=-1.981、Z行为=-2.499,P均<0.05)。复测组与新增组应答者性别、年龄、学历构成差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),复测组应答者疟疾防治知识平均得分(10.83分)高于新增组(9.81分)(Z_(知识)=-2.962,P<0.05),两组应答者疟疾防治态度(29.48分vs.30.17分)和行为平均得分(6.43分vs.6.37分)差异均无统计学意义(Z_(态度)=-1.158,Z_(行为)=-0.048,P均>0.05)。结论以疟疾防治为主题的健康教育可明显提升海外企业员工疟疾防治知识知晓率、对正确态度的认可度以及对正确行为的依从性。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)relating to malaria control among overseas enterprise employees.Methods In September 2019,on-site malaria control health education was conducted among all Chinese employees of a China-funded mining enterprise in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The KAP questionnaire for malaria control was generated on the Questionstar website,and the participants were subjected to two questionnaire surveys prior to and 14 months after health education.After the questionnaires were recovered,all valid questionnaires were divided into 4 groups,including the baseline group(the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education and participated in two questionnaire surveys before health education),the loss-to-follow-up group(the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education but only participated in the questionnaire survey after health education),the retest group(the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education and participated in two questionnaire surveys after health education)and the new group(questionnaires filled out by respondents who did not receive health education and only participated in the questionnaire survey after health education)according to subjects’receiving health education and participation in two questionnaire surveys.The correct rate of malaria control knowledge,the proportion to good attitudes towards malaria control and the proportion of good practices towards malaria control were compared between the baseline group and the loss-tofollow-up group,between the baseline group and the retest group,and between the retest group and the new group.ResultsA total of 110 and 142 valid questionnaires were recovered during the two surveys,and the recovery rates were 90.9%and 70.3%,respectively.There were 77,77,33,and 65 valid questionnaires recovered from the baseline group,the loss-to-follow-up group,the retest group,and the new group,respectively.There were no significant differences in respondents’gender,age and educational levels between the baseline group and the loss-to-follow-up group(all P values>0.05),and there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mean score of malaria control knowledge(Z=2.011,P>0.05),the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control(t=-0.787,P>0.05)and the mean score of practices towards malaria control(t=-0.787,P>0.05).There were significant differences between the retest group and the baseline group in terms of the mean score of malaria control knowledge(10.83 vs.9.79;Z=-4.017,P<0.05),the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control(29.48 vs.28.61;Z=-1.981,P<0.05)and the mean score of practices towards malaria control(6.43 vs.5.91;Z=-2.499,P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the retest group and the new group in terms of gender,age or education levels(all P values>0.05),and a higher mean score of malaria control knowledge was found in the retest group than in the new group(10.83 vs.9.81;Z=-2.962,P<0.05),while no significant differences were seen in the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control(29.48 vs.30.17;Z=-1.158,P>0.05)and the mean score of practices towards malaria control(6.43 vs.6.37;Z=-0.048,P>0.05)between the two groups.CCoonn-clusion Malaria control health education may significantly improve the understanding of malaria control knowledge,positive attitudes towards malaria control and the compliance of practices towards malaria control among overseas enterprise employees.