广州市社区居民对常见精神障碍的识别能力以及影响因素

Identification ability and impacting factors of common mental disorders for community residents in Guangzhou city

目的了解广州市社区居民对常见精神障碍的识别能力及其影响因素,为进一步提高广州市居民心理健康素养提供依据。方法2020年10月10—15日采用滚雪球抽样方法通过问卷星网络平台对广州市社区居民进行心理健康知识问卷调查,问卷内容由一般人口学基本信息、5个心理健康相关案例(健康心理、多动症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和抑郁症)以及相关问题(正确识别疾病、积极应对他人精神疾病的态度和积极治疗疾病的态度)组成。结果回收有效问卷884份,广州市居民对5个案例的正确识别率分别是多动症83.03%、精神分裂症61.65%、抑郁症53.96%、双相情感障碍50.34%、健康心理37.78%。正确识别疾病得分为(2.87±1.40)分,积极应对他人精神疾病的态度得分为(3.83±0.56)分,积极治疗疾病的态度得分为(3.79±0.63)分。男性、18~34岁组的疾病正确识别率显著低于同一人口学特征下其他人群(P<0.05)。未婚者、受教育年限≥13年者以及从事与精神心理卫生相关职业者疾病正确识别率显著高于同一人口学特征下其他人群(P<0.05)。多元线性回归模型显示年龄、性别、婚姻状态、职业以及受教育程度是精神疾病识别的影响因素。结论广州市居民对常见精神疾病有一定识别能力,不同年龄、性别、婚姻状态、职业以及受教育程度可能会影响精神疾病的识别。

Objective To understand the identification ability and impacting factors of common mental disorders for community residents in Guangzhou city,so as to provide the basis for further improving the mental health literacy of Guangzhou residents.Methods From October 10 to 15,2020,a questionnaire survey on the mental health knowledge of community residents in Guangzhou city was conducted through the online platform of Wenjuanxing according to the snowball sampling method.The contents of the questionnaire were composed of basic information of general demography,5 cases related to mental health(healthy psychology,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[ADHD],schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and depression)and related issues(correct identification of diseases,active attitude towards other people’s mental disease and active attitude towards treatment of diseases).Results A total of 884 valid questionnaires were collected,and the correct identification rates of 5 cases in Guangzhou residents were ADHD(accounting for 83.03%),schizophrenia(accounting for 61.65%),depression(accounting for 53.96%),bipolar disorder(accounting for 50.34%)and healthy psychology(accounting for 37.78%).The score of correct identification of diseases was(2.87±1.40)points,the score of active attitude towards other people’s mental diseases was(3.83±0.56)points,and the score of active attitude towards treatment of diseases was(3.79±0.63)points.The correct identification rate of diseases in the group of male and 18-34 years old was obviously lower than that in other groups with the same demographic features(P<0.05).The correct identification rate of diseases in the group of unmarried and educated for more than 13 years and those who are engaged in mental health-related occupations was obviously higher than that in other groups with the same demographic features(P<0.05).The multiple linear regression model showed that age,gender,marital status,occupation and education level were the impacting factors of mental disease identification.Conclusion Guangzhou residents have a certain identification ability to common mental diseases,and the difference in age,gender,marital status,occupation and educational level may impact the identification of mental diseases.