美国、日本、英国桥梁技术状况评定方法分析

Analysis on Bridge Technical Condition Evaluation Methods of USA, Japan and UK

为了促进桥梁定期检查和技术状况评定结果对桥梁养护管理工作的有效支撑,全面提升公路桥梁安全耐久水平,采用文献综述的方法简要分析了《公路桥涵养护规范》(JTG H11-2004)和《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》(JTG/T H21-2011)2种技术状况评定方法的优缺点,并在此基础上重点分析了美国、日本、英国的桥梁技术状况评定方法以及各国方法相互之间的优点和共性特征。结果表明:从国外的标准来看,普遍采用基于构件级的缺损详细检查数据作为评价数据来源,且形成了结构化程度很高的构件和缺损分类数据,便于明确养护对策并实现基于数据驱动的桥梁养护决策体系;为提高桥梁精细化养护水平,有必要建立桥梁构件状况等级的评定体系,在考虑构件自身缺损状况的基础上,综合考虑构件、部件和结构之间的相互作用和相互影响,以达到精准养护和预防养护的目的;结合我国自身特点来看,应吸取国内原有2种评定方法的优点,在评定过程中加入构件功能及安全风险等方面要素,提高技术状况评定结果的准确性,促进养护决策方案的全面性;有必要建立基于桥梁安全管理和资产管理的多维度技术状况评定指标,以满足养护决策中兼顾单体桥梁养护的紧迫性和路网级桥梁远期养护规划的需要。研究结论可为我国《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》的修订提供参考和借鉴。

In order to promote the results of periodic detection and technical condition evaluation to provide effective support for bridge maintenance management and comprehensively improve the safety and durability level of highway bridges, the advantages and disadvantages of 2 technical condition evaluation methods, i.e., the Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culverts(JTG H11-2004) and the Standards for Technical Condition Evaluation of Highway Bridges(JTG/T H21-2011) are briefly analyzed by using literature review method. On this basis, the bridge technical condition evaluation methods of United States, Japan and United Kingdom and the advantages and common characteristics of these countries’ methods are analysed particularly. The result shows that(1) From the view of foreign standards, detailed inspection data of defects based on elements are widely used as the source of evaluation data, and highly structured classification data of elements and defects are formed, which is convenient to define maintenance strategy and realize the bridge maintenance decision system based on data driven.(2) In order to improve the fine maintenance level, it is necessary to establish the evaluation system of bridge element condition grade. On the basis of considering the defect conditions of the components themselves, the interaction and mutual influence among the elements, components and structures should be considered comprehensively to achieve the purpose of precise maintenance and preventive maintenance.(3) In combination with the characteristics of China, the advantages of the original 2 evaluation methods in China should be absorbed, the factors such as element function and safety risk should be added into the evaluation process to improve the accuracy of technical condition evaluation results and to promote the comprehensiveness of maintenance decision scheme.(4) It is necessary to establish the multi-dimensional technical condition evaluation indicators based on bridge safety management and asset management to meet the needs for the urgency of individual bridge maintenance and the long-term maintenance planning of road network-level bridges in maintenance decisions. The research conclusion can provide reference for the revision of Standards for Technical Condition Evaluation of Highway Bridges of China.