高速公路隧道侧向宽度对大型车驾驶负荷的影响

Influence of Lateral Width of Expressway Tunnel on Driving Load of Large Vehicle

高速公路主线向隧道过渡时,侧向宽度的压缩变化会造成驾驶人心理紧张等不良反应。为了研究高速公路隧道侧向宽度对大型车驾驶人的影响,设置了3种隧道右侧侧向宽度方案,利用眼动仪、心电仪等仪器在某高速试验场隧道进行实车试验,采集了30名被试人在不同隧道侧向宽度下的心率、动态视觉性能等数据。运用数理统计方法分析了不同方案下驾驶人心率均值、心率增长率、平均注视持续时间及平均扫视持续时间等指标的差异性变化。以心率均值及平均注视持续时间作为驾驶负荷的表征指标,统计分析了隧道不同侧向宽度下驾驶负荷的变化规律。结果表明:通过增加高速公路隧道右侧侧向宽度,可有效改善大型车驾驶人的心理负荷和视觉负荷,特别是在隧道出入口段,驾驶人心率指标明显下降;右侧侧向宽度从1.25 m增加至1.50 m时,驾驶人心率均值下降9.3%,平均注视持续时间下降9.8%;右侧侧向宽度从1.25 m增加至1.75 m时,驾驶人心率均值下降8.9%,平均注视持续时间下降10.8%;右侧侧向宽度从1.50 m增加至1.75 m时,驾驶人的驾驶负荷无显著差异;3种方案中,右侧侧向宽度为1.50 m时驾驶人心理负荷最小且更为稳定,视觉负荷也较小。

When the main line of expressway transits to tunnel, the compression change of lateral width will cause adverse reactions such as psychological tension of drivers. In order to study the influence of lateral width of expressway tunnel on large vehicle drivers, 3 schemes of lateral width of right side of tunnel are set up. The real vehicle test in the tunnel of an expressway test site is carried out by using eye tracker, ECG and other instruments. The heart rates, dynamic visual performance and other data of 30 subjects under different tunnel lateral widths are collected. The differences of driver’s average heart rate, heart rate growth rate, average fixation duration and average saccade duration under different schemes are analyzed by using mathematical statistical method. Taking mean heart rate and mean fixation duration as the characterization indicators of driving load, the change rules of driving load under different lateral widths of tunnel are statistically analyzed. The result shows that(1) the psychological load and visual load of large vehicle drivers can be effectively improved by increasing the right side lateral width of expressway tunnel, especially at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, the driver’s heart rate indicator decreased significantly;(2) when the lateral width of right side increased from 1.25 m to 1.50 m, the driver’s average heart rate decreased by 9.3%, and the average fixation duration decreased by 9.8%;(3) when the lateral width of right side increased from 1.25 m to 1.75 m, the driver’s average heart rate decreased by 8.9%, and the average fixation duration decreased by 10.8%;(4) when the lateral width of right side increased from 1.50 m to 1.75 m, there is no significant difference in the driving load of drivers;(5) in the 3 schemes, when the lateral width on right side is 1.50 m, the driver’s psychological load is minimum and more stable, and the visual load is also small.