英格兰新自由主义多元化师资发展假象及改革探索

The Illusion of Neoliberal Diversified Teachers Development in England and Its Exploration of Reform

近年来,在“市场选择”与“保守传统”相结合的新自由主义意识形态裹挟下,英格兰公立教育行业出现了办学多元化、教师发展机构多元化及师资队伍多元化改革。虽表面上追求多元服务、市场选择,但实则同质化严重、创新力不足,尤其在办学及教师发展上只能迁就学校与教师行业惯习,出现了多元化创新假象。其中,小学全科教师大量配备普通“全班型助教”的政策,不如配备“高水平助教”及“学科专攻教师”的师资多元化政策更为可取。基于对英格兰三类四种多元化改革政策的分析,我国小学师资多元化培训与配置应坚持“主导引领”与“自由选择”协同机制。

In recent years, under the influence of neoliberal ideology that combines “market choice” and “conservative tradition”, there have been reforms of diversifying schools, teacher development institutions and primary school teachers in England. Although it is pursuing diversified services and market choices on the surface, in fact, there is serious homogenization and lack of motivation to innovate, especially in the operation of school and development of teachers, which can only accommodate the habits of the school and teachers, resulting in the illusion of diversified innovation. The policy of equipping primary school generalist teachers with ordinary “full-class teaching assistants” is less advisable than the policy of diversifying teachers of equipping “high-level teaching assistants” and “subject specialist teachers”. Based on the analysis of the three types of four diversification reform policies in England, this paper proposes a synergistic system of “top-down leading” and “free choice” for diversifying training and deployment of primary school teachers in China, which is divided into three situations: characteristic leading, routine selection and free development.