酸性矿山废水环境中砷的污染机制与修复技术

Arsenic Pollution Mechanism and Associated Remediation Strategy in Acid Mine Drainage Environments

砷(As)是酸性矿山废水(AMD)环境中常见的类重金属,有剧毒和强致癌性。在AMD环境中,As的来源主要为硫化矿物氧化溶解,As的地球化学行为包括氧化、还原、吸附、共沉淀、解吸和溶解等。目前,已开发的As污染修复技术分为源头控制和末端治理技术,其中,源头控制是通过覆盖、钝化或喷洒灭菌剂等抑制硫化矿物氧化溶解;末端治理是通过吸附、絮凝、膜处理或生物处理等清除水体中的As。该文综述了AMD环境中As的来源和地球化学行为,分析了As污染的机制;综述了As污染修复技术的研究进展,对As污染修复的研究方向进行了展望,以期为矿区As污染的风险评估和治理提供科学支撑。

Arsenic(As) is a toxic and carcinogenic metalloid that is commonly found in acid mine drainage(AMD) environments. In AMD systems, the primary source of As is the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals. The geochemical behavior of As is consisted of redox reactions, adsorption, co-precipitation, desorption and dissolution, et al. The remediation strategies for As pollution are mainly divided into two categories, namely source control and end treatment. Source control is to inhibit sulfide minerals dissolution by isolation, passivation or sterilization, and end treatment is to remove the As in solution through adsorption, flocculation, membrane or biological method. In this review, the source and geochemistry of As were reviewed,and the mechanism of As pollution was analyzed. In addition, the remediation strategies for As contamination were summarized and compared, and the future research direction in this field was prospected to support the assessment and remediation for As pollution in AMD environments.