原敬内阁的殖民地统治政策述论

The Reform of Colonial Rule by the Hara Takashi Cabinet

原敬在担任台湾事务局委员时,初步提出殖民地统治构想——“内地延长论”,随着日本在“关东州”和朝鲜实施殖民统治,其殖民地统治构想进一步深化,明确为“同化论”。以其殖民地统治构想为思想指导,原敬组阁之后,针对殖民地统治面临的严重危机,对殖民地统治政策进行重大调整。其调整目标是以“同化”为核心,取代“武断统治”,实施“文化统治”政策,构建政党内阁掌握殖民地统治的体制。原敬内阁通过调整殖民地统治政策打破了军部在殖民地的一统地位,政党内阁在殖民地的统治地位得以提升。原敬内阁的殖民地统治政策看似具有一定妥协性,实际更具欺骗性,更符合其长期甚至永久统治的目的。其殖民地统治政策终究不能改变殖民地统治的实质,只不过是针对风起云涌的殖民地民族独立运动采取的怀柔政策而已。

When Hara Takashi took office as a member of the Taiwan Affairs Bureau, he initially put forward the concept of colonial rule, via the so-called“main-islands extension theory”. With Japan’s colonial rule in“Kanto Prefecture”and Korea, his concept of colonial rule was further deepened and clearly defined as an“assimilation theory”. After forming his cabinet, while faced with a serious crisis of colonial rule, Hara made significant adjustments, guided by his theory of colonial rule. He aimed to take“assimilation”as the core, abolish“indiscriminate rule”, implement the policy of“cultural rule”, and build a system in which the party cabinet controlled colonial rule. By implementing the reform of colonial rule, Hara’s cabinet weakened the position of the military headquarters in the colony, and thereby improved the ruling position of the party cabinet. Since Hara’s cabinet implemented those reforms with cooperation of the senior statesmen and the military headquarters, he had to make certain compromises. Despite these compromises, his efforts concealed his true intentions for long-term or even permanent colonial rule. His policies would not eventually change the nature of colonial rule but rather attempt to pacify surging colonial national independence movements.